The Java Language Specification, Third Edition

8.5.1 Modifiers CLASSES
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If the same type declaration is inherited from an interface by multiple paths,
the class or interface is considered to be inherited only once. It may be referred to
by its simple name without ambiguity.
8.5.1 Modifiers
The access modifiers public, protected, and private are discussed in §6.6.
A compile-time error occurs if a member type declaration has more than one of
the access modifiers public, protected, and private.
Member type declarations may have annotation modifers just like any type or
member declaration.
8.5.2 Static Member Type Declarations
The static keyword may modify the declaration of a member type C within the
body of a non-inner class T. Its effect is to declare that C is not an inner class. Just
as a static method of T has no current instance of T in its body, C also has no current
instance of T, nor does it have any lexically enclosing instances.
It is a compile-time error if a static class contains a usage of a non-static
member of an enclosing class.
Member interfaces are always implicitly static. It is permitted but not
required for the declaration of a member interface to explicitly list the static
modifier.
8.6 Instance Initializers
An instance initializer declared in a class is executed when an instance of the class
is created (§15.9), as specified in §8.8.7.1.
InstanceInitializer:
Block
It is compile-time error if an instance initializer of a named class can throw a
checked exception unless that exception or one of its supertypes is explicitly
declared in the throws clause of each constructor of its class and the class has at
least one explicitly declared constructor. An instance initializer in an anonymous
class (§15.9.5) can throw any exceptions.
DRAFT
The rules above distinguish between instance initializers in named and anonymous
classes. This distinction is deliberate. A given anonymous class is only
instantiated at a single point in a program. It is therefore possible to directly prop-