The Java Language Specification, Third Edition

More documents

Recommendations

Info

15.12.2 Compile-Time Step 2: Determine Method Signature EXPRESSIONS 452 Inference begins with a set of initial constraints of the form AF, where UVindicates that type V is convertible to type U by method invocation conversion. DISCUSSION In a simpler world, the constraints could be of the form AX,T=Xor T F: • If F does not involve a type parameter Tj then no constraint is implied on Tj. • Otherwise, F involves a type parameter Tj.
EXPRESSIONS Compile-Time Step 2: Determine Method Signature 15.12.2 ◆ If A is the type of null, no constraint is implied on T j. ◆ Otherwise, if the constraint has the form A
Page 1 and 2:
The Java Language Specification Th
Page 3 and 4:
The Java Language Specification Th
Page 5 and 6:
Copyright © 1996-2005 Sun Microsys
Page 7 and 8:
“When I use a word,” Humpty Dum
Page 9 and 10:
Preface XXIII Preface to the Second
Page 11 and 12:
5.4 String Conversion 101 5.5 Casti
Page 13 and 14:
8.2.1.3 Inheritance with private 19
Page 15 and 16:
10 Arrays 287 10.1 Array Types 288
Page 17 and 18:
14 Blocks and Statements 359 14.1 N
Page 19 and 20:
15.12.4.4 Locate Method to Invoke 4
Page 21 and 22:
17.4.2 Actions 558 17.4.3 Programs
Page 23 and 24:
Preface THE Java programming langua
Page 25 and 26:
PREFACE was invaluable to us during
Page 27 and 28:
Preface to the Second Edition ... t
Page 29 and 30:
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION Trici
Page 31 and 32:
Preface to the Third Edition This e
Page 33 and 34:
PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Joe Da
Page 35 and 36:
1.0 CHAPTER1 Introduction If I have
Page 37 and 38:
INTRODUCTION Introduction 1 declare
Page 39 and 40:
INTRODUCTION Example Programs 1.1 B
Page 41 and 42:
INTRODUCTION References 1.4 Goldber
Page 43 and 44:
CHAPTER2 Grammars Grammar, which kn
Page 45 and 46:
GRAMMARS Grammar Notation 2.4 actua
Page 47 and 48:
CHAPTER3 Lexical Structure Lexicogr
Page 49 and 50:
LEXICAL STRUCTURE Unicode Escapes 3
Page 51 and 52:
LEXICAL STRUCTURE Input Elements an
Page 53 and 54:
LEXICAL STRUCTURE Identifiers 3.8 E
Page 55 and 56:
LEXICAL STRUCTURE Literals 3.10 3.9
Page 57 and 58:
LEXICAL STRUCTURE Integer Literals
Page 59 and 60:
LEXICAL STRUCTURE Floating-Point Li
Page 61 and 62:
LEXICAL STRUCTURE Character Literal
Page 63 and 64:
LEXICAL STRUCTURE String Literals 3
Page 65 and 66:
LEXICAL STRUCTURE Operators 3.12 3.
Page 67 and 68:
CHAPTER4 Types, Values, and Variabl
Page 69 and 70:
TYPES, VALUES, AND VARIABLES Integr
Page 71 and 72:
TYPES, VALUES, AND VARIABLES Floati
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
TYPES, VALUES, AND VARIABLES The bo
Page 79 and 80:
TYPES, VALUES, AND VARIABLES Object
Page 81 and 82:
TYPES, VALUES, AND VARIABLES The Cl
Page 83 and 84:
TYPES, VALUES, AND VARIABLES Type V
Page 85 and 86:
TYPES, VALUES, AND VARIABLES Parame
Page 87 and 88:
TYPES, VALUES, AND VARIABLES Type A
Page 89 and 90:
TYPES, VALUES, AND VARIABLES Member
Page 91 and 92:
TYPES, VALUES, AND VARIABLES Raw Ty
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
TYPES, VALUES, AND VARIABLES Subtyp
Page 99 and 100:
TYPES, VALUES, AND VARIABLES Where
Page 101 and 102:
TYPES, VALUES, AND VARIABLES Variab
Page 103 and 104:
TYPES, VALUES, AND VARIABLES Kinds
Page 105 and 106:
TYPES, VALUES, AND VARIABLES Initia
Page 107 and 108:
TYPES, VALUES, AND VARIABLES Types,
Page 109 and 110:
TYPES, VALUES, AND VARIABLES Types,
Page 111 and 112:
CHAPTER5 Conversions and Promotions
Page 113 and 114:
CONVERSIONS AND PROMOTIONS Conversi
Page 115 and 116:
CONVERSIONS AND PROMOTIONS Widening
Page 117 and 118:
CONVERSIONS AND PROMOTIONS Narrowin
Page 119 and 120:
CONVERSIONS AND PROMOTIONS Narrowin
Page 121 and 122:
CONVERSIONS AND PROMOTIONS Boxing C
Page 123 and 124:
CONVERSIONS AND PROMOTIONS Capture
Page 125 and 126:
CONVERSIONS AND PROMOTIONS Capture
Page 127 and 128:
CONVERSIONS AND PROMOTIONS Assignme
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
CONVERSIONS AND PROMOTIONS Method I
Page 135 and 136:
CONVERSIONS AND PROMOTIONS Casting
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
CONVERSIONS AND PROMOTIONS Unary Nu
Page 145 and 146:
CONVERSIONS AND PROMOTIONS Binary N
Page 147 and 148:
CHAPTER6 Names The Tao that can be
Page 149 and 150:
NAMES Names and Identifiers 6.2 ❖
Page 151 and 152:
NAMES Scope of a Declaration 6.3 in
Page 153 and 154:
NAMES Shadowing Declarations 6.3.1
Page 155 and 156:
NAMES Shadowing Declarations 6.3.1
Page 157 and 158:
NAMES The Members of a Class Type 6
Page 159 and 160:
NAMES The Members of an Array Type
Page 161 and 162:
NAMES Syntactic Classification of a
Page 163 and 164:
NAMES Reclassification of Contextua
Page 165 and 166:
NAMES Meaning of Package Names 6.5.
Page 167 and 168:
NAMES Meaning of Type Names 6.5.5 a
Page 169 and 170:
NAMES Meaning of Expression Names 6
Page 171 and 172:
NAMES Meaning of Method Names 6.5.7
Page 173 and 174:
NAMES Details on protected Access 6
Page 175 and 176:
NAMES Example: Access to public and
Page 177 and 178:
NAMES Example: protected Fields, Me
Page 179 and 180:
NAMES Fully Qualified Names and Can
Page 181 and 182:
NAMES Class and Interface Type Name
Page 183 and 184:
NAMES Method Names 6.8.4 DISCUSSION
Page 185 and 186:
NAMES Local Variable and Parameter
Page 187 and 188:
CHAPTER7 Packages Good things come
Page 189 and 190:
PACKAGES Storing Packages in a File
Page 191 and 192:
PACKAGES Compilation Units 7.3 7.2.
Page 193 and 194:
PACKAGES Unnamed Packages 7.4.2 on
Page 195 and 196:
PACKAGES Single-Type-Import Declara
Page 197 and 198:
PACKAGES Type-Import-on-Demand Decl
Page 199 and 200:
PACKAGES A Strange Example 7.5.6 7.
Page 201 and 202:
PACKAGES Top Level Type Declaration
Page 203 and 204:
PACKAGES Unique Package Names 7.7 t
Page 205 and 206:
PACKAGES Unique Package Names 7.7 o
Page 207 and 208:
CHAPTER8 Classes Origins: A Short E
Page 209 and 210:
CLASSES Class Modifiers 8.1.1 8.1 C
Page 211 and 212:
CLASSES Class Modifiers 8.1.1 class
Page 213 and 214:
CLASSES Generic Classes and Type Pa
Page 215 and 216:
CLASSES Inner Classes and Enclosing
Page 217 and 218:
CLASSES Inner Classes and Enclosing
Page 219 and 220:
CLASSES Superclasses and Subclasses
Page 221 and 222:
CLASSES Superinterfaces 8.1.5 resul
Page 223 and 224:
CLASSES Class Body and Member Decla
Page 225 and 226:
CLASSES Class Members 8.2 Construct
Page 227 and 228:
CLASSES Examples of Inheritance 8.2
Page 229 and 230:
CLASSES Examples of Inheritance 8.2
Page 231 and 232:
CLASSES Field Modifiers 8.3.1 If a
Page 233 and 234:
CLASSES Field Modifiers 8.3.1 of ac
Page 235 and 236:
CLASSES Initialization of Fields 8.
Page 237 and 238:
CLASSES Initialization of Fields 8.
Page 239 and 240:
CLASSES Examples of Field Declarati
Page 241 and 242:
CLASSES Examples of Field Declarati
Page 243 and 244:
CLASSES Method Declarations 8.4 fie
Page 245 and 246:
CLASSES Formal Parameters 8.4.1 of
Page 247 and 248:
CLASSES Method Signature 8.4.2 Two
Page 249 and 250:
CLASSES Method Modifiers 8.4.3 an i
Page 251 and 252:
CLASSES Method Modifiers 8.4.3 resp
Page 253 and 254:
CLASSES Method Modifiers 8.4.3 Thes
Page 255 and 256:
CLASSES Method Throws 8.4.6 • If
Page 257 and 258:
CLASSES Method Body 8.4.7 Object do
Page 259 and 260:
CLASSES Inheritance, Overriding, an
Page 261 and 262:
CLASSES Inheritance, Overriding, an
Page 263 and 264:
CLASSES Overloading 8.4.9 DISCUSSIO
Page 265 and 266:
CLASSES Examples of Method Declarat
Page 267 and 268:
Page 269 and 270:
Page 271 and 272:
CLASSES Member Type Declarations 8.
Page 273 and 274:
CLASSES Static Initializers 8.7 aga
Page 275 and 276:
CLASSES Constructor Modifiers 8.8.3
Page 277 and 278:
CLASSES Constructor Body 8.8.7 clas
Page 279 and 280:
CLASSES Constructor Body 8.8.7 •
Page 281 and 282:
CLASSES Default Constructor 8.8.9 8
Page 283 and 284:
CLASSES Enums 8.9 8.9 Enums An enum
Page 285 and 286:
CLASSES Enums 8.9 DISCUSSION This i
Page 287 and 288:
CLASSES Enums 8.9 Note that the exa
Page 289 and 290:
CLASSES Enums 8.9 DIME: 10¢ SILVER
Page 291 and 292:
CLASSES Enums 8.9 public static voi
Page 293 and 294:
CHAPTER9 Interfaces My apple trees
Page 295 and 296:
INTERFACES Superinterfaces and Subi
Page 297 and 298:
INTERFACES Interface Members 9.2 9.
Page 299 and 300:
INTERFACES Examples of Field Declar
Page 301 and 302:
INTERFACES Inheritance and Overridi
Page 303 and 304:
INTERFACES Examples of Abstract Met
Page 305 and 306:
INTERFACES Annotation Types 9.6 DIS
Page 307 and 308:
Page 309 and 310:
Page 311 and 312:
INTERFACES Predefined Annotation Ty
Page 313 and 314:
INTERFACES Predefined Annotation Ty
Page 315 and 316:
INTERFACES Annotations 9.7 • The
Page 317 and 318:
INTERFACES Annotations 9.7 TypeName
Page 319 and 320:
INTERFACES Annotations 9.7 The seco
Page 321 and 322:
CHAPTER10 Arrays Even Solomon in al
Page 323 and 324:
ARRAYS Array Access 10.4 Here are s
Page 325 and 326:
ARRAYS Array Initializers 10.6 Arra
Page 327 and 328:
ARRAYS Class Objects for Arrays 10.
Page 329 and 330:
ARRAYS Array Store Exception 10.10
Page 331 and 332:
CHAPTER11 Exceptions If anything ca
Page 333 and 334:
EXCEPTIONS Exception Analysis of Ex
Page 335 and 336:
EXCEPTIONS Why Runtime Exceptions a
Page 337 and 338:
EXCEPTIONS Handling Asynchronous Ex
Page 339 and 340:
EXCEPTIONS An Example of Exceptions
Page 341 and 342:
EXCEPTIONS Virtual Machine Errors 1
Page 343 and 344:
CHAPTER12 Execution We must all han
Page 345 and 346:
EXECUTION Initialize Test: Execute
Page 347 and 348:
EXECUTION The Loading Process 12.2.
Page 349 and 350:
EXECUTION Resolution of Symbolic Re
Page 351 and 352:
EXECUTION When Initialization Occur
Page 353 and 354:
EXECUTION Detailed Initialization P
Page 355 and 356:
EXECUTION Initialization: Implicati
Page 357 and 358:
EXECUTION Creation of New Class Ins
Page 359 and 360:
EXECUTION Finalization of Class Ins
Page 361 and 362:
EXECUTION Implementing Finalization
Page 363 and 364:
EXECUTION Finalizer Invocations are
Page 365 and 366:
EXECUTION Program Exit 12.8 ers. A
Page 367 and 368:
CHAPTER13 Binary Compatibility Desp
Page 369 and 370:
BINARY COMPATIBILITY The Form of a
Page 371 and 372:
BINARY COMPATIBILITY The Form of a
Page 373 and 374:
BINARY COMPATIBILITY What Binary Co
Page 375 and 376:
BINARY COMPATIBILITY Superclasses a
Page 377 and 378:
BINARY COMPATIBILITY Class Body and
Page 379 and 380:
BINARY COMPATIBILITY Field Declarat
Page 381 and 382:
BINARY COMPATIBILITY final Fields a
Page 383 and 384:
BINARY COMPATIBILITY static Fields
Page 385 and 386:
BINARY COMPATIBILITY Method and Con
Page 387 and 388:
BINARY COMPATIBILITY final Methods
Page 389 and 390:
BINARY COMPATIBILITY Method and Con
Page 391 and 392:
BINARY COMPATIBILITY Interface Form
Page 393 and 394:
CHAPTER14 Blocks and Statements He
Page 395 and 396:
BLOCKS AND STATEMENTS Local Class D
Page 397 and 398:
BLOCKS AND STATEMENTS Local Variabl
Page 399 and 400:
BLOCKS AND STATEMENTS Scope of Loca
Page 401 and 402:
BLOCKS AND STATEMENTS Execution of
Page 403 and 404:
BLOCKS AND STATEMENTS Statements 14
Page 405 and 406:
BLOCKS AND STATEMENTS Expression St
Page 407 and 408:
BLOCKS AND STATEMENTS The assert St
Page 409 and 410:
BLOCKS AND STATEMENTS The assert St
Page 411 and 412:
BLOCKS AND STATEMENTS The switch St
Page 413 and 414:
BLOCKS AND STATEMENTS The switch St
Page 415 and 416:
BLOCKS AND STATEMENTS Abrupt Comple
Page 417 and 418:
BLOCKS AND STATEMENTS Example of do
Page 419 and 420:
BLOCKS AND STATEMENTS The basic for
Page 421 and 422:
BLOCKS AND STATEMENTS The enhanced
Page 423 and 424:
BLOCKS AND STATEMENTS The break Sta
Page 425 and 426:
BLOCKS AND STATEMENTS The continue
Page 427 and 428:
BLOCKS AND STATEMENTS The throw Sta
Page 429 and 430:
BLOCKS AND STATEMENTS The synchroni
Page 431 and 432:
BLOCKS AND STATEMENTS The try state
Page 433 and 434:
BLOCKS AND STATEMENTS Execution of
Page 435 and 436: BLOCKS AND STATEMENTS Execution of
Page 437 and 438: BLOCKS AND STATEMENTS Unreachable S
Page 443 and 444: CHAPTER15 Expressions When you can
Page 445 and 446: EXPRESSIONS Expressions and Run-Tim
Page 447 and 448: EXPRESSIONS Normal and Abrupt Compl
Page 449 and 450: EXPRESSIONS Evaluate Left-Hand Oper
Page 451 and 452: EXPRESSIONS Evaluation Respects Par
Page 453 and 454: EXPRESSIONS Evaluation Order for Ot
Page 455 and 456: EXPRESSIONS this 15.8.3 ing-point l
Page 457 and 458: EXPRESSIONS Class Instance Creation
Page 459 and 460: EXPRESSIONS Determining Enclosing I
Page 461 and 462: EXPRESSIONS Choosing the Constructo
Page 463 and 464: EXPRESSIONS Anonymous Class Declara
Page 465 and 466: EXPRESSIONS Array Creation Expressi
Page 467 and 468: EXPRESSIONS Example: Array Creation
Page 469 and 470: EXPRESSIONS Field Access Using a Pr
Page 471 and 472: EXPRESSIONS Field Access Using a Pr
Page 473 and 474: EXPRESSIONS Accessing Superclass Me
Page 475 and 476: EXPRESSIONS Compile-Time Step 1: De
Page 485: EXPRESSIONS Compile-Time Step 2: De
Page 505 and 506: EXPRESSIONS Compile-Time Step 3: Is
Page 507 and 508: EXPRESSIONS Runtime Evaluation of M
Page 517 and 518: EXPRESSIONS Examples: Array Access
Page 519 and 520: EXPRESSIONS Postfix Increment Opera
Page 521 and 522: EXPRESSIONS Prefix Increment Operat
Page 523 and 524: EXPRESSIONS Unary Minus Operator -
Page 525 and 526: EXPRESSIONS Multiplicative Operator
Page 527 and 528: EXPRESSIONS Division Operator / 15.
Page 529 and 530: EXPRESSIONS Remainder Operator % 15
Page 531 and 532: EXPRESSIONS String Concatenation Op
Page 533 and 534: EXPRESSIONS String Concatenation Op
Page 535 and 536: EXPRESSIONS Additive Operators (+ a
Page 537 and 538:
EXPRESSIONS Numerical Comparison Op
Page 539 and 540:
EXPRESSIONS Equality Operators 15.2
Page 541 and 542:
EXPRESSIONS Reference Equality Oper
Page 543 and 544:
EXPRESSIONS Conditional-Or Operator
Page 545 and 546:
EXPRESSIONS Conditional Operator ?
Page 547 and 548:
EXPRESSIONS Simple Assignment Opera
Page 549 and 550:
Page 551 and 552:
Page 553 and 554:
EXPRESSIONS Compound Assignment Ope
Page 555 and 556:
Page 557 and 558:
Page 559 and 560:
EXPRESSIONS Constant Expression 15.
Page 561 and 562:
CHAPTER16 Definite Assignment All t
Page 563 and 564:
DEFINITE ASSIGNMENT Definite Assign
Page 565 and 566:
Page 567 and 568:
DEFINITE ASSIGNMENT The Boolean Ope
Page 569 and 570:
DEFINITE ASSIGNMENT Assignment Expr
Page 571 and 572:
DEFINITE ASSIGNMENT Other Expressio
Page 573 and 574:
DEFINITE ASSIGNMENT Local Variable
Page 575 and 576:
DEFINITE ASSIGNMENT switch Statemen
Page 577 and 578:
DEFINITE ASSIGNMENT for Statements
Page 579 and 580:
DEFINITE ASSIGNMENT try Statements
Page 581 and 582:
Page 583 and 584:
Page 585 and 586:
Page 587 and 588:
CHAPTER17 Threads and Locks And oft
Page 589 and 590:
THREADS AND LOCKS Incorrectly Synch
Page 591 and 592:
THREADS AND LOCKS Memory Model 17.4
Page 593 and 594:
THREADS AND LOCKS Actions 17.4.2
Page 595 and 596:
THREADS AND LOCKS Happens-before Or
Page 597 and 598:
Page 599 and 600:
Page 601 and 602:
THREADS AND LOCKS Executions 17.4.6
Page 603 and 604:
THREADS AND LOCKS Executions and Ca
Page 605 and 606:
THREADS AND LOCKS Observable Behavi
Page 607 and 608:
THREADS AND LOCKS Final Field Seman
Page 609 and 610:
THREADS AND LOCKS Semantics of Fina
Page 611 and 612:
THREADS AND LOCKS Subsequent Modifi
Page 613 and 614:
THREADS AND LOCKS Non-atomic Treatm
Page 615 and 616:
THREADS AND LOCKS Notification 17.8
Page 617 and 618:
THREADS AND LOCKS Sleep and Yield 1
Page 619 and 620:
CHAPTER18 Syntax Is there grammar i
Page 621 and 622:
SYNTAX The Grammar of the Java Prog
Page 623 and 624:
Page 625 and 626:
Page 627 and 628:
Page 629 and 630:
Page 631 and 632:
A abrupt completion See completion,
Page 633 and 634:
definite assignment before, 548 det
Page 635 and 636:
See also numbers literals, term def
Page 637 and 638:
See local class member See member c
Page 639 and 640:
See also hiding; obscuring; scope;
Page 641 and 642:
in assignment conversion context, 9
Page 643 and 644:
of blank final class variables, 199
Page 645 and 646:
interface, multiply inherited, 266
Page 647 and 648:
division, evaluation, 493 equality
Page 649 and 650:
easons why constructors cannot be,
Page 651 and 652:
identity conversion in assignment c
Page 653 and 654:
order, 428 expressions as statement
Page 655 and 656:
L labeled statements identifiers in
Page 657 and 658:
term definition, 122 type, 44 memor
Page 659 and 660:
class, 175 constructor, 241 declara
Page 661 and 662:
conversions of and to See conversio
Page 663 and 664:
importing all public types from a,
Page 665 and 666:
Q superclasses, accessing instances
Page 667 and 668:
internal symbolic reference table,
Page 669 and 670:
declaring class methods with, 216 h
Page 671 and 672:
applicable by subtyping, 445 applic
Page 673 and 674:
unchecked, 301 executed, 409 exit o
Page 675 and 676:
precision, loss of, 81 preparation,
Page 677 and 678:
termination and virtual machine exi
Page 679 and 680:
members and constructors, 55 reifia
Page 681 and 682:
of binary representation, of classe
Page 683 and 684:
Colophon CAMERA-READY electronic co
show all

The Java Language Specification, Third Edition

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?