The Java Language Specification, Third Edition

15.22 Bitwise and Logical Operators EXPRESSIONS
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15.22 Bitwise and Logical Operators
The bitwise operators and logical operators include the AND operator &, exclusive
OR operator ^, and inclusive OR operator |. These operators have different
precedence, with & having the highest precedence and | the lowest precedence.
Each of these operators is syntactically left-associative (each groups left-to-right).
Each operator is commutative if the operand expressions have no side effects.
Each operator is associative.
AndExpression:
EqualityExpression
AndExpression & EqualityExpression
ExclusiveOrExpression:
AndExpression
ExclusiveOrExpression ^ AndExpression
InclusiveOrExpression:
ExclusiveOrExpression
InclusiveOrExpression | ExclusiveOrExpression
The bitwise and logical operators may be used to compare two operands of
numeric type or two operands of type boolean. All other cases result in a compile-time
error.
15.22.1 Integer Bitwise Operators &, ^, and |
When both operands of an operator &, ^, or| are of a type that is convertible
(§5.1.8) to a primitive integral type, binary numeric promotion is first performed
on the operands (§5.6.2). The type of the bitwise operator expression is the promoted
type of the operands.
For &, the result value is the bitwise AND of the operand values.
For ^, the result value is the bitwise exclusive OR of the operand values.
For |, the result value is the bitwise inclusive OR of the operand values.
For example, the result of the expression 0xff00 & 0xf0f0 is 0xf000. The
result of 0xff00 ^ 0xf0f0 is 0x0ff0.The result of 0xff00 | 0xf0f0 is 0xfff0.
DRAFT
15.22.2 Boolean Logical Operators &, ^, and |
When both operands of a &, ^,or| operator are of type boolean or Boolean, then
the type of the bitwise operator expression is boolean. In all cases, the operands
are subject to unboxing conversion (§5.1.8) as necessary.