Domain Testing: Divide and Conquer - Testing Education

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o You could type more or less quickly o You could make more or fewer edits of the field o You could type letters, digits, or non-alphanumeric characters o You could type between 1 and many characters, such as 1 or 1.2345678. There are some potentially interesting games to play with this, like how it handles many leading zeros or many leading spaces or many digits before instead of after the decimal or how many decimal points, etc. • If I put the "width" variable in front of 10 experienced testers, I doubt that all 10 would identify character set and number of characters as additional dimensions to test. All of the subjects identified these. Either they have all learned to be very thorough, or they are following the same script. In fact, these three were the dimensions identified in the course lecture notes as dimensions of the numeric fields. Rather than learning that these were examples, students seemed to have learned that they were the exhaustive list. For example, none of subjects suggested time or edits as input dimensions. Only one subject, JL2125S4, suggested a "dimension" off the beaten path—s/he made two test cases with more than one decimal point, but treated these as isolated tests, not as a distinct dimension. • To test the output variable, I have several dimensions. Here are a few: o Changing slide size changes the font size on existing slides. The font size can range from tiny to huge. o Changing slide size changes the set of printers that I can print on. I can print a really big slide on a big plotter, but only a very small slide on a small photo printer. o Depending on the printer selected, if I attempt to set a slide size that exceeds the printable area, I get an error message: The current page size exceeds the printable area of the paper in the printer. Click Fix to automatically fit the page to the paper. Click Cancel to return to the Page Setup dialog box. Click OK to continue with the current page size. (NOTE: This is the wording on the Macintosh. Messages and parameter limits are slightly different on Windows machines, but the issues and my conclusions are all the same.) A paper size is either smaller than the printable area (no error message) or larger (error message and if you print or print preview, you don't get the full slide.) o None of the subjects identified any of these dimensions or any others like them. Discuss the relationships that exist between variables, if any, and give examples of how you would test them. This question was asked only in Experiment 2. Experiment 1 had a question with similar intent but was too confusingly worded. I have only considered the data from Experiment 2. None of the 5 subjects "discussed" anything. They started by identifying certain variables as related and then show a table that lists specific values. This (subject a2529s5) is typical:
Orientation of Slides is dependent upon Width, Height and Width, Height are dependent upon Slides sized for. The tests are as follows: Test Case # Slides sized for 1 On screen show 2 On screen show 3 Letter paper 4 Letter paper 5 Ledger paper 6 Ledger paper Width Height Orientation of slides 7.5 10 Portrait 10 7.5 Landscape 7.5 10 Portrait 10 7.5 Landscape 9.99 13.32 Portrait 13.32 9.99 Landscape 7 A3 paper 10.5 14 Portrait 8 A3 paper 14 10.5 Landscape 9 A4 paper 7.5 10.83 Portrait 10 A4 paper 10.83 7.5 Landscape 11 B4 paper 8.88 11.84 Portrait 12 B4 paper 11.84 8.88 Landscape 13 B5 paper 5.88 7.84 Portrait 14 B5 paper 7.84 5.88 Landscape 15 35mm slides 16 35mm slides 7.5 11.25 Portrait 11.25 7.5 Landscape 17 Overhead 7.5 10 Portrait 18 Overhead 10 7.5 Landscape 19 Banner 1 8 Portrait 20 Banner 8 1 Landscape 21 Custom 8.17 10.67 Portrait 22 Custom 10.67 8.17 Landscape
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Domain Testing: Divide and Conquer
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We the undersigned committee hereby
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Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introd
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Chapter 3: Instructional Design and
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5.04 Facilities Used for the Experi
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List of Tables Table 6.01 Question
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Acknowledgements • Dr. Cem Kaner,
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1.01 Problem Description Chapter 1:
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There are two general approaches to
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effective testing with reduced effo
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Other researchers have used the fea
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July 22, 2003; Frankl, Hamlet, Litt
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Chapter 2: Domain Testing: A Litera
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Black-box testers may or may not re
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For instance, in the above example,
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Myers (1979) suggested associating
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In the functional approach to doing
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in the correctness of the program.
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Whittaker and Jorgensen (2002) desc
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listed above. o Worst Case Testing
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He referred to the number of test c
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Hutcheson (2003) described boundary
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2.02.03.02 Special Value Testing Jo
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change has caused something that us
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Hence, a row in an orthogonal array
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combinations of valid equivalence c
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Chapter 3: Instructional Design and
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Carey, 1985; Dick et al., 2001; Dri
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and how they apply the knowledge. T
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Keeping the questionnaires anonymou
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objectives of the instruction. Bein
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software testing courses before, si
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accomplished learning. This also he
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available and integrate them with t
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substance of the materials to make
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4. Expertise-oriented approaches, w
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specifically said, “A pretest is
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instructional design itself. Accord
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• Appendix G: Day 2 Lecture • A
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• Reference materials • Linking
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Every exercise question and every q
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Chapter 5: Experiment Design 5.01 O
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This first version of the advertise
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o Numeric variables � Integer �
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learners should be sufficient to te
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Standard Deviation: “A measure de
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Question 2 (10 points): • Test A:
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Table 6.10: Final Scores - Pretest
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Chart 6.01: Paper-Based Pretest and
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6.02 Performance Test Results Appen
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11 12 0 0 9. How would you rate you
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commented that they liked the fact
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11. What was the least useful part
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appreciated the fact that a lot of
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Most of them commented that they be
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48% Q4: How would you rate your ove
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Chapter 7: Conclusion 7.01 Domain T
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7.01.02 Minuses Kaner (2003) also c
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work is strong evidence that the st
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Boland, P. J., Singh, H., & Cukic,
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Clarke, L. A., Hassell, J., & Richa
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Hajnal, À., & Forgács, I. (1998).
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Jeng, B., & Weyuker, E. J. (1994, J
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Mayrhauser, A. V., Walls, J., & Mra
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Schroeder, P. J., & Korel, B. (2000
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Zhu, H., Hall, P. A. V., & May, J.
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Appendix A: Reference Material# 1 f
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What is an input variable? An input
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Step 6: Determine whether the varia
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Domain Testing Equivalence Class an
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Partition the input domain into dif
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domain specific special condition b
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Appendix C: Reference Material# 3 f
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What is All-Pairs Combination Testi
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If ‘n’ is the total number of v
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Step 3: Step 4: Step 5: Test case#
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Test case# a(3) b(2) c(2) d(2) e(2)
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Step 9: • The only two pairs miss
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Appendix D: Equivalence Class Analy
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Appendix A: Equivalence Class Analy
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Appendix E: Guidelines for All-Pair
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Appendix B: Guidelines for filling
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Appendix F: Day 1 Lecture (Introduc
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Why do we need to test software? To
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Analysis To assert that the output
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Analysis The total possible combina
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What is Domain Testing? Domain test
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Domain testing-Terminology Boundary
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Summary Our goal is to not only do
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Session 2: Domain Testing Sowmya Pa
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Testing Integer fields � Example
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Testing Integer fields Example 1
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Variable(s) Equivalence Class(es)
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Testing Integer fields Example 2 St
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© Sowmya Padmanabhan, 2003 19
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Word Problems � Example 3: SunTru
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Word Problems Example 3 � Credit
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Word Problems Example 3 � ‘cred
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Word Problems Example 3 � $400
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Word Problems Example 3 � The inp
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Word Problems Example 3 � Failure
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Variable(s) Equivalence Class(es)
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Word Problems Example 4 � Step 1:
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Word Problems Example 4 Step 6: Par
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Word Problems � Example 5: The pa
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Word Problems Example 5 � User, P
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Word Problems Example 5 � ‘widt
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Word Problems Example 5 � 1
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Word Problems Example 5 � The inp
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Word Problems Example 5 � Failure
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Variable (s) ‘width’ Equivalenc
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Testing multiple ranges � The pro
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Testing multiple ranges Example 6
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Word Problems Example 6 Step 6: Par
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Analyzing non-numbers � Let us fi
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Standard ASCII The first 32 charact
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52 4 53 5 54 6 55 7 56 8 57 9 58 :
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108 l 109 m 110 n 111 o 112 p 113 q
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ASCII characters � ASCII files:
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Why bother about ASCII characters i
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Analyzing non-numbers Example 6 �
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Analyzing non-numbers Example 6 Par
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Variable Equivalence classes tax-in
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Testing String fields � We encoun
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Testing String fields Example 7 �
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Testing String fields Example 7 Ste
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25 EM End of medium 26 SUB Substitu
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80 P 81 Q 82 R 83 S 84 T 85 U 86 V
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Extended ASCII Characters Reference
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Session 3: Domain Testing Sowmya Pa
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Testing multidimensional variables
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Testing multidimensional variables
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General analysis of multidimensiona
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Multidimensional numeric fields Exa
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Multidimensional string fields Exam
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Multidimensional string fields �
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Testing Enumerated fields � Range
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Testing Enumerated fields � Examp
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Testing Enumerated fields Example 4
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Identifying variables of a given pr
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Developing test cases for given pro
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Variable Dimension Equivalence clas
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Variable Dimension Equivalence clas
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Look In Variable Equivalence classe
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For ASCII sub-range of allowed grou
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Files of Type Variable Equivalence
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Appendix I: Day 4 Lecture (Day 4 Le
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Testing in combination-Why? � All
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All possible combinations testing
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All-Pairs Combination Testing � M
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All-Pairs Combination Testing � I
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All-Pairs Combination Testing � 7
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All-Pairs Combination Testing Examp
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Application of all-pairs combinatio
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Iteration 3: Test case# Y (4) X (3)
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Iteration 3: Test case# a (4) b (3)
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Iteration 6: Test case# a (4) b (3)
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Look In Variable Equivalence classe
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For ASCII sub-range of allowed grou
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Files of Type Variable Equivalence
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Iteration 2 Test case# LI (6) E(4)
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Appendix J: Day 2 Exercises (Day 2
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d. Partition the input domain into
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f. Partition the input domain into
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d. Next, identify the risks associa
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Non-Numbers Identify the risks asso
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Day 3 Exercises Date: ____________
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g. Partition the input domain into
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e. What is the input domain? f. Nex
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Enumerated fields 3. In the online
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. In Internet Explorer, in the File
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Alignment
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Border
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Protection
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Analyzing given programs/functions
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3. Is the variable multidimensional
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iv. Next, identify the risks associ
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6. For the ‘Insert Table’ funct
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3. Is the variable multidimensional
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iv. Next, identify the risks associ
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Appendix L: Day 4 Exercises (Day 4
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iv. Determine the number of pairs i
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v. Build the all-pairs combination
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4. Develop a series of combination
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Domain Testing-Test A 1 (100 points
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3. A string field/variable ‘s’
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5. The screenshot of the ‘Login
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7. An I-20 VISA 2 program for inter
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Page 598 and 599: Date: _________________ Evaluation
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Page 648 and 649: APPENDIX A In this analysis, I used
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