Public health successes and missed opportunities
Public-health-successes-and-missed-opportunities-alcohol-mortality-19902014
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Monitoring alcohol exposure<br />
• Eastern European countries with similar drinking habits comprise the Russian Federation, Belarus, the<br />
Republic of Moldova <strong>and</strong> Ukraine. These countries have lower per capita gross national income than countries in the<br />
western parts of WHO European Region, <strong>and</strong> are in the middle-income category. Their drinking style is characterized<br />
by episodic heavy drinking, with both longer duration <strong>and</strong> larger volume of alcohol consumed per occasion than in<br />
other parts of the WHO European Region (50,51).<br />
• Countries in the south-east of the WHO European Region comprise Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan,<br />
Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan <strong>and</strong> Uzbekistan. This part of the WHO European Region is characterized<br />
by lower-than-average per capita gross national income, a relatively low level of alcohol consumption (1), in part due<br />
to the fact that in many countries, the majority of people are Muslims (52). Spirits are the preferred beverage type,<br />
except in Georgia (wine) <strong>and</strong> Turkey (beer) (1).<br />
Box 2 gives an overview of the regions used in this report.<br />
Box 2. Regions used in this report <strong>and</strong> included countries<br />
Regions<br />
Central-western EU<br />
EU<br />
Central-eastern EU<br />
Mediterranean<br />
Eastern WHO European Region<br />
South-eastern WHO European Region<br />
Countries<br />
Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Luxembourg,<br />
Netherl<strong>and</strong>s <strong>and</strong> Switzerl<strong>and</strong><br />
Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic,<br />
Denmark, Estonia, Finl<strong>and</strong>, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,<br />
Irel<strong>and</strong>, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,<br />
Netherl<strong>and</strong>s, Pol<strong>and</strong>, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,<br />
Spain, Sweden <strong>and</strong> United Kingdom<br />
Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia,<br />
Lithuania, Pol<strong>and</strong>, Romania, Slovakia <strong>and</strong> Slovenia<br />
Cyprus, France, Greece, Israel, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Spain<br />
<strong>and</strong> Turkey<br />
Russian Federation, Belarus, Republic of Moldova<br />
<strong>and</strong> Ukraine<br />
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,<br />
Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan <strong>and</strong> Uzbekistan<br />
Any regional trends are based on population-weighted three-year moving averages of the respective countries (weighted<br />
by the population aged 15 years <strong>and</strong> older) for the year under consideration (i.e. for the year 2010, the average of 2009–<br />
2011 is presented). Finally, the trend in adult per capita consumption in the WHO European Region is compared with other<br />
WHO regions by comparing the net difference in consumption between 1990 <strong>and</strong> 2014.<br />
Trends in total adult per capiTA alcohol consumption for all<br />
countries in the WHO European Region<br />
Trends in total adult per capita alcohol consumption are presented, which includes the sum of recorded, unrecorded <strong>and</strong><br />
tourist consumption, for all countries in the WHO European Region, with clusters of several neighbouring countries being<br />
on the same graph. For comparison purposes, each graph will contain the trend in the WHO European Region as well.<br />
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