Public health successes and missed opportunities
Public-health-successes-and-missed-opportunities-alcohol-mortality-19902014
Public-health-successes-and-missed-opportunities-alcohol-mortality-19902014
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Contents<br />
Acknowledgements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v<br />
Abbreviations ........................................................................vi<br />
Foreword ...........................................................................vii<br />
Executive summary ...................................................................viii<br />
Introduction ..........................................................................1<br />
Monitoring alcohol exposure ............................................................2<br />
Methods for estimating trends in alcohol exposure ......................................2<br />
Data ........................................................................2<br />
Countries <strong>and</strong> regions ..........................................................3<br />
Trends in total adult per capita alcohol consumption for all countries in the<br />
WHO European Region .............................................................5<br />
Regional trends in total adult per capita alcohol consumption .............................11<br />
Trends in alcohol consumption per drinker .............................................13<br />
Conclusion: trends in alcohol consumption over the past 25 years<br />
in the WHO European Region .......................................................13<br />
Comparisons between the WHO European Region <strong>and</strong> other WHO regions ..................14<br />
Burden of alcohol-attributable mortality in the WHO European Region, 1990–2014 ................16<br />
On the selection of mortality as the main outcome ......................................16<br />
Main categories of alcohol-attributable causes of death .................................16<br />
Methodology to estimate the alcohol-attributable burden ................................17<br />
Burden of alcohol-attributable mortality in 2014 in the WHO European Region ...............18<br />
Burden of mortality due to alcohol-attributable liver cirrhosis .............................19<br />
Burden of mortality due to alcohol-attributable cancer ...................................27<br />
Burden of mortality due to alcohol-attributable cardiovascular diseases .....................32<br />
Burden of mortality due to alcohol-attributable injury ....................................36<br />
Burden of mortality due to alcohol-attributable unintentional injury .....................41<br />
Burden of mortality due to alcohol-attributable intentional injury .......................46<br />
Regional differences in alcohol-attributable mortality ...................................50<br />
Overall trend in alcohol-attributable mortality between 1990 <strong>and</strong> 2014<br />
by major cause-of-death categories ..............................................50<br />
Sex-specific trends in alcohol-attributable mortality between 1990 <strong>and</strong> 2014<br />
by major cause-of-death categories ..............................................52<br />
Trends in alcohol-attributable fractions of mortality ..................................55<br />
Regional trends in age-st<strong>and</strong>ardized rates of major cause-of-death<br />
categories, 1990–2014 ........................................................56<br />
Conclusion: the need for an alcohol policy .................................................60<br />
References .........................................................................63
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