Calculus 2nd Edition Rogawski

8 CHAPTER 1 PRECALCULUS REVIEW
Two important ways of modifying a graph are translation (or shifting) and scaling.
Translation consists of moving the graph horizontally or vertically:
Remember that f (x) + c and f (x + c)
are different. The graph of y = f (x) + c
is a vertical translation and y = f (x + c)
a horizontal translation of the graph of
y = f (x).
DEFINITION Translation (Shifting)
• Vertical translation y = f (x) + c: shifts the graph by |c| units vertically, upward
if c>0 and c units downward if c1, the graph is expanded vertically by the
factor k.If0