International Trade Outlook for Latin America and the Caribbean: Recovery in an uncertain context
This first edition of International Trade Outlook for Latin America and the Caribbean, which is the continuation of Latin America and the Caribbean in the World Economy with a new title, covers 2017 and contains three chapters. The first chapter describes the current international context and the recovery of trade in the region. Chapter II reviews the region’s performance in global trade in services in general and in modern services in particular, since 2005. Chapter III provides an overview of Latin America and the Caribbean’s share of the world agricultural trade since 2000 and offers some policy recommendations for increasing the sector’s contribution to regional development.
This first edition of International Trade Outlook for Latin America and the Caribbean, which is the continuation of Latin America and the Caribbean in the World Economy with a new title, covers 2017 and contains three chapters. The first chapter describes the current international context and the recovery of trade in the region. Chapter II reviews the region’s performance in global trade in services in general and in modern services in particular, since 2005. Chapter III provides an overview of Latin America and the Caribbean’s share of the world agricultural trade since 2000 and offers some policy recommendations for increasing the sector’s contribution to regional development.
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142 Chapter III Economic Commission <strong>for</strong> <strong>Lat<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>America</strong> <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Caribbe<strong>an</strong></strong> (ECLAC)<br />
Figure III.18<br />
<strong>Lat<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>America</strong> <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Caribbe<strong>an</strong></strong>: number of agricultural products exported<br />
to selected dest<strong>in</strong>ations, 2000-2016 a<br />
Among <strong>the</strong> region’s ma<strong>in</strong> export markets, Ch<strong>in</strong>a receives <strong>the</strong> smallest variety<br />
of agricultural products<br />
1 000<br />
800<br />
600<br />
400<br />
200<br />
0<br />
<strong>Lat<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>America</strong> <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Caribbe<strong>an</strong></strong><br />
United States<br />
Europe<strong>an</strong> Union (28 countries)<br />
Ch<strong>in</strong>a<br />
2000<br />
2001<br />
2002<br />
2003<br />
2004<br />
2005<br />
2006<br />
2007<br />
2008<br />
2009<br />
2010<br />
2011<br />
2012<br />
2013<br />
2014<br />
2015<br />
2016<br />
Source: Economic Commission <strong>for</strong> <strong>Lat<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>America</strong> <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Caribbe<strong>an</strong></strong> (ECLAC), on <strong>the</strong> basis of <strong>the</strong> United Nations <strong>International</strong> <strong>Trade</strong> Statistics Database (UN Comtrade).<br />
a<br />
Calculated to <strong>the</strong> six digit level of <strong>the</strong> Harmonized Commodity Description <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> Cod<strong>in</strong>g System.<br />
At <strong>the</strong> global level, <strong>the</strong> region is a major supplier of agricultural products. These<br />
correspond primarily to commodities with a low degree of process<strong>in</strong>g. In 2016, <strong>the</strong><br />
region accounted <strong>for</strong> 84% of raw c<strong>an</strong>e sugar, 67% of soybe<strong>an</strong> meal, 55% of not roasted<br />
or decaffe<strong>in</strong>ated coffee, 51% of chemical non-coniferous wood pulp, 49% of soybe<strong>an</strong>s,<br />
38% of frozen poultry meat, <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> 32% of maize <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> frozen meat of bov<strong>in</strong>e <strong>an</strong>imals<br />
exports worldwide. In all cases, <strong>the</strong> region’s share <strong>in</strong>creased subst<strong>an</strong>tially compared to<br />
2000, ma<strong>in</strong>ly as a result of Brazil’s greater market share (see figures III.19A to III.19H).<br />
Unlike commodities, <strong>the</strong> region has very limited weight as a supplier of processed<br />
products. For example, <strong>in</strong> 2016 it accounted <strong>for</strong> only 12% of global exports of preparations<br />
of vegetables, fruits or nuts, 6% of exports of miscell<strong>an</strong>eous edible preparations <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> 2%<br />
of cheese exports. Despite be<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> source of 55% of global exports of not roasted, not<br />
decaffe<strong>in</strong>ated coffee, <strong>the</strong> region accounts <strong>for</strong> just 1% of global roasted coffee exports.<br />
The ma<strong>in</strong> exporters of roasted coffee are developed, ma<strong>in</strong>ly Europe<strong>an</strong>, countries that<br />
import raw coffee <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> process it (see figures III.19C <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> III.19D). Similarly, although<br />
<strong>the</strong> region’s share of global exports of cocoa be<strong>an</strong>s is close to 12%, <strong>the</strong> only country<br />
<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> region with more th<strong>an</strong> a 1% share of global exports of chocolate <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r food<br />
preparations conta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g cocoa is Mexico, with 2.4% (see figures III.19I <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> III.19J).
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