International Trade Outlook for Latin America and the Caribbean: Recovery in an uncertain context

6 Contents
Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)
Figure II.16 ASEAN (8 countries) and Latin America (7 countries): types of services incorporated
into manufacturing exports, 1995 and 2011.................................................................................. 102
Figure II.17 Selected countries: share of domestic and foreign services in gross value
of manufacturing exports, 1995 and 2011..................................................................................... 103
Figure II.18 Latin America (7 countries), ASEAN, China and India: position in global rankings
of 138 countries, 2016................................................................................................................... 104
Figure II.19 Latin America: importance of determinants of competitiveness in business services
exports, 2014................................................................................................................................. 107
Figure II.20 Latin America and the Caribbean (17 countries): digitalization of production, 2015.................... 112
Figure III.1 World agricultural exports, 2000-2015.......................................................................................... 124
Figure III.2 Composition of world agricultural exports, 2015.......................................................................... 124
Figure III.3 Ten leading agricultural exporting and importing countries worldwide, 2015 ............................ 125
Figure III.4 Monthly real index of food prices, January 1990 to July 2017..................................................... 127
Figure III.5 Latin America and the Caribbean: agricultural trade with the rest of the world, 2000-2016...... 128
Figure III.6 Latin America and the Caribbean: share of regional agricultural exports in world agricultural
exports and in the region’s total merchandise exports to the world, 2000-2016......................... 128
Figure III.7 Latin America and the Caribbean: trade balance in the agriculture sector
with selected partners, 2000-2015................................................................................................ 129
Figure III.8 Latin America and the Caribbean: composition of agricultural trade by subregion, 2000-2015...... 130
Figure III.9 Latin America and the Caribbean: agricultural trade balances by subregion, 2000-2015............ 131
Figure III.10 Latin America and the Caribbean (31 countries): agricultural trade balances by country,
average 2015-2016........................................................................................................................ 132
Figure III.11 Latin America and the Caribbean (selected countries): share of the agricultural sector
in merchandise trade, 2000 and 2016........................................................................................... 133
Figure III.12 Latin America and the Caribbean: composition of agricultural exports by destination,
2000-2015...................................................................................................................................... 134
Figure III.13 Latin America and the Caribbean (23 countries): Herfindahl-Hirschman index
of agricultural exports by destination, 2000 and 2015.................................................................. 135
Figure III.14 Latin America and the Caribbean: composition of agricultural imports by origin, 2000-2015..... 135
Figure III.15 Latin America and the Caribbean (subregions and selected countries): composition
of agricultural imports by origin, 2015 ......................................................................................... 136
Figure III.16 Latin America and the Caribbean: trade balance in the agricultural sector by category,
2000 and 2015............................................................................................................................... 139
Figure III.17 Latin America and the Caribbean (20 countries): Herfindahl-Hirschman index
of agricultural exports by product, 2000 and 2015........................................................................ 140
Figure III.18 Latin America and the Caribbean: number of agricultural products exported
to selected destinations, 2000-2016............................................................................................. 142
Figure III.19 Selected agricultural products: leading world exporters, 2000 and 2016.................................... 143
Figure III.20 Selected countries: average value of exports of coffee and frozen meat of bovine
animals, by origin, 2015................................................................................................................. 145
Figure III.21 Selected countries: average tariffs applied to agricultural and non-agricultural products, 2016........ 147
Boxes
Box I.1 The impact of trade on the region’s productive structure, 2000-2011............................................ 46
Box II.1 Improvements and challenges in Latin American trade in services statistics................................ 92
Box II.2 Empirical studies show intermediate services playing a significant role
in manufacturing competitiveness.................................................................................................. 98
Box II.3 Econometric regressions on the role of domestic and imported services
in manufacturing performance...................................................................................................... 105
Diagrams
Diagram II.1 Classification of traditional and modern services........................................................................... 78
Diagram II.2 Offshore services and labour demand............................................................................................. 95
Diagram II.3 Role of services in manufacturing supply chains............................................................................ 97
Diagram II.4 Trade in services: GATS-plus and GATS-extra disciplines under megaregional
agreements, 2017.......................................................................................................................... 116