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Tuyển tập 25 đề thi học sinh giỏi Hóa học lớp 9 (kèm đáp án) (by Dameva)

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TUYỂN TẬP 50 ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN HÓA HỌC LỚP 9 (<strong>kèm</strong> <strong>đáp</strong> <strong>án</strong>)<br />

§¸p ¸n vµ h−íng dÉn chÊm ®Ò <strong>thi</strong><br />

M«n <strong>thi</strong>: ho¸ häc<br />

Thêi gian lµm bµi: 150 phót<br />

C©u 1: (4,5®) 2,<strong>25</strong>®<br />

a/ Khi cho A t¸c dông víi dung dÞch NaOH d− th× cã bät khi H 2 tho¸t ra khái 0,75<br />

dung dÞch liªn tôc kim lo¹i bÞ hoµ tan hÕt lµ Al, cßn Fe, Cu kh«ng tan.<br />

2Al + 2H 2 O → NaAlO 2 + H 2 ↑<br />

- Khi cho B t¸c dông víi dung dÞch HCl d− cßn bät khÝ H 2 tho¸t ra khái dung<br />

dÞch liªn tôc. Kim lo¹i bÞ tan hÕt lµ Fe, Al cßn Cu kh«ng tan<br />

2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl 3 + 3H 2 ↑<br />

Fe + 2HCl → FeCl 2 + H 2 ↑<br />

- Khi cho C t¸c dông víi dung dÞch HNO 3 ®Æc d− th× cã khÝ mµu n©u tho¸t ra<br />

khái dung dÞch. Kim lo¹i bÞ hoµ tan hÕt ®ã lµ Cu, cßn Al, Fe kh«ng hoµ tan.<br />

Cu + 4HNO 3 → Cu(NO 3 ) 2 + 2NO 2 ↑ + 2H 2 O<br />

b/ G¹n läc kÕt tña ë c¸c phÇn trªn th× dung dÞch A thu ®−îc chøa NaAlO 2 vµ<br />

NaOH d−; dung dÞch B chøa: FeCl 2 , AlCl 3 , HCl d−; dung dÞch C chøa<br />

Cu(NO 3 ) 2 , HNO 3 d−.<br />

- Cho dung dÞch HCl vµo dung dÞch A xy ra phn øng:<br />

HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H 2 O<br />

§ång thêi xuÊt hiÖn kÕt tña mµu tr¾ng:<br />

NaAlO 2 + HCl + H 2 O → Al(OH) 3 ↓ + NaCl<br />

§Õn mét lóc nµo ®ã kÕt tña dÇn tan thu ®−îc dung dÞch trong suèt khi HCl<br />

dïng d−.<br />

Al(OH) 3 + 3HCl → AlCl 3 + 3H 2 O<br />

- Khi cho dung dÞch NaOH vµo dung dÞch B xy ra phn øng<br />

NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H 2 O<br />

§ång thêi kÕt tña tr¾ng xuÊt hiÖn<br />

FeCl 2 + 2NaOH → Fe(OH) 2 ↓ + 2NaCl<br />

AlCl 3 + 3NaOH → Fe(OH) 3 ↓ + 3NaCl<br />

§Õn mét lóc nµo ®ã kÕt tña tan dÇn nh−ng vÉn cßn kÕt tña tr¾ng h¬i xanh khi<br />

NaOH dïng d− (v× Fe(OH) 2 cã mµu tr¾ng xanh)<br />

0,75<br />

0,75<br />

(2,<strong>25</strong>®)<br />

0,75<br />

0,75<br />

29

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