African-American Youth in The Juvenile Justice System

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APPENDIX C. POLICY BRIEF: RACIAL DISPARITIES IN YOUTH COMMITMENTS AND ARRESTS American Indian and White Commitment Rates per 100,000, 2013 State American Indian White N:W Ratio Vermont** 1,010 16 63.1 Minnesota* 903 58 15.6 Illinois** 628 43 14.6 South Carolina** 830 71 11.7 Wisconsin* 386 42 9.2 Florida** 646 72 9.0 Iowa** 866 120 7.2 Nebraska* 596 84 7.1 West Virginia** 1,017 154 6.6 Utah* 348 54 6.4 South Dakota 1,041 167 6.2 Maine* 529 87 6.1 North Carolina* 82 14 5.9 Tennessee** 174 33 5.3 Wyoming* 1,113 213 5.2 North Dakota 732 149 4.9 Washington* 311 72 4.3 Oregon* 841 200 4.2 United States 254 69 3.7 Montana 218 66 3.3 Alaska 288 91 3.2 Idaho* 461 155 3.0 Colorado* 281 95 3.0 Kansas* 328 112 2.9 Arizona 113 52 2.2 Nevada* 198 98 2.0 New York* 93 47 2.0 California* 95 50 1.9 Oklahoma 68 39 1.7 Michigan* 117 72 1.6 Ohio** 100 65 1.5 Indiana** 149 98 1.5 Arkansas* 104 80 1.3 New Mexico 76 78 1.0 Texas* 33 63 0.5 Connecticut** 0 7 — New Hampshire** 0 26 — Massachusetts** 0 14 — New Jersey** 0 10 — Hawaii** 0 12 — Dist. of Columbia** 0 96 — Pennsylvania** 0 80 — Rhode Island* 0 62 — Maryland** 0 31 — Virginia** 0 57 — Alabama** 0 64 — Missouri** 0 105 — Kentucky** 0 89 — Georgia** 0 34 — Louisiana* 0 45 — Delaware** 0 42 — Mississippi** 0 14 — * Less than 4 percent American Indian **Less than 1 percent American Indian The Sentencing Project • 1705 DeSales Street NW, 8th Floor • Washington, D.C. 20036 • sentencingproject.org 12
POLICY BRIEF: RACIAL DISPARITIES IN YOUTH COMMITMENTS AND ARRESTS APPENDIX D. Changes in Black to White Commitment Disparities, 2003 to 2013 State 2003 black/white disparity 2013 black/white disparity Change New Hampshire* 3.2 31.5 897% Utah* 3.5 34.2 879% Dist. of Columbia 0.6 3.5 513% Connecticut 5.7 24.1 320% Maine* 1.3 4.7 255% North Carolina 2.7 7.7 189% Alaska 1.1 2.3 106% Oklahoma 3.5 7.1 105% Wisconsin 8.2 15.0 82% Mississippi 3.3 5.9 79% Alabama 1.6 2.8 75% Michigan 3.2 5.5 73% Arizona 2.2 3.7 68% Maryland 3.1 5.1 66% Tennessee 3.4 5.2 55% Rhode Island 6.9 10.5 52% Louisiana 3.8 5.8 51% New Jersey 16.2 24.3 50% Colorado 4.2 6.3 48% Nevada 2.6 3.9 47% Minnesota 6.5 9.4 45% Georgia 3.5 4.7 36% Massachusetts 6.2 8.3 33% California 5.6 7.3 30% Virginia 4.7 6.0 28% Montana* 2.7 3.4 26% Florida 2.7 3.3 25% Arkansas 3.5 4.2 20% United States 3.7 4.3 15% Kansas 5.9 6.6 12% Iowa 5.3 5.7 8% Ohio 4.4 4.7 8% Nebraska 5.1 5.4 5% New York 5.1 5.3 4% Texas 3.8 4.0 4% Washington 4.1 4.1 1% Oregon* 3.5 3.5 0% Vermont* 0.0 0.0 Unchanged Pennsylvania 8.7 8.5 -2% North Dakota* 5.2 4.9 -6% Missouri 3.6 3.3 -7% Idaho* 3.8 3.4 -12% Indiana 3.4 3.0 -12% Delaware 6.6 5.7 -13% Illinois 4.3 3.6 -16% West Virginia 3.8 3.0 -20% Kentucky 4.7 3.6 -23% South Carolina 3.1 2.4 -23% South Dakota* 4.0 2.8 -29% New Mexico* 5.3 3.1 -41% Hawaii* 15.3 6.4 -58% Wyoming* 4.7 1.3 -72% * Less than 4 percent African American. The Sentencing Project • 1705 DeSales Street NW, 8th Floor • Washington, D.C. 20036 • sentencingproject.org 13
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Turning the Improbable Into the Exc
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6. 1 We disseminate Quarterly publi
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death their hostility. 17 He came a
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eceive the death penalty. Early deb
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punishment. The increased ease in t
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According to the Office of Juvenile
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Proposed Reforms Many scholars stre
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Boston, youth court is available to
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Types of Incarceration Some inmates
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populations relative to their repre
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unrelated to crime rates. That is,
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targeted media campaign to shift pu
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Promoting Alternatives: The JDAI Mo
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Nationally, the youth rate of incar
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The percentage of black arrests and
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Working with Police The OJJDP data
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Next, the County Attorney's staff w
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Both selective inattention (ignorin
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FIGURE 6-1 Involvement of juveniles
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comparable across states, and analy
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assault (51 percent for NCVS and 57
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FIGURE 6-2 Child risk indicators by
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lack youth. The next section examin
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one of the few studies of black cit
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Huizinga and Elliott (1987) compare
Page 64 and 65: controlling only for present offens
Page 66 and 67: of their sentences (Carroll and Mon
Page 68 and 69: whites. The relative risk for a bla
Page 70 and 71: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Ove
Page 72 and 73: Gase, one of the study’s authors,
Page 74 and 75: The Cook County, Illinois, Dispropo
Page 76 and 77: Lancaster County, Pennsylvania redu
Page 78 and 79: Break Down Language Barriers Even t
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Page 82 and 83: Notes _____________________________
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Page 86 and 87: African American Youth and the Juve
Page 88 and 89: Attachment B Minority Youth in The
Page 90 and 91: Minority Youth in the Juvenile Just
Page 92 and 93: 4 In t r o d u c t i o n Minority y
Page 94 and 95: 6 the community’s service provisi
Page 96 and 97: 8 In Iowa, a Youth Race and Detenti
Page 98 and 99: 10 References Arizona Juvenile Just
Page 100 and 101: The National Conference of State Le
Page 102 and 103: Attachment C Racial Disparities in
Page 104 and 105: POLICY BRIEF: RACIAL DISPARITIES IN
Page 120 and 121: Advocacy Foundation Publishers Page
Page 122 and 123: Issue Title Quarterly Vol. I 2015 T
Page 124 and 125: Issue Title Quarterly Vol. V 2019 O
Page 126 and 127: LI Nonprofit Confidentiality In The
Page 128 and 129: Vol. XVIII 2032 Public Policy LXXVI
Page 130 and 131: Racial Profiling June 2019 … Page
Page 132 and 133: The e-Advocate Journal of Theologic
Page 134 and 135: Issue Title Quarterly Vol. I 2015 I
Page 136 and 137: The e-Advocate Juvenile Justice Rep
Page 138 and 139: 2018 - The Theological Law Firm Aca
Page 140 and 141: Page 111 of 114
Page 142 and 143: www.TheAdvocacyFoundation.org Page
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