African-American Youth in The Juvenile Justice System

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POLICY BRIEF: RACIAL DISPARITIES IN YOUTH COMMITMENTS AND ARRESTS Changes in Hispanic to White Commitment Disparities, 2003 to 2013 State 2003 Hispanic/white disparity 2013 Hispanic/white disparity Change South Carolina 0.3 4.4 1,149% New Hampshire 1.4 8.8 517% Dist. of Columbia 0.8 3.9 394% Connecticut 2.2 10.4 365% North Carolina 0.5 2.1 292% Rhode Island 0.8 2.5 211% Kentucky 0.3 1.0 194% Wisconsin 1.0 1.9 83% Arkansas 1.2 2.2 80% Utah 1.8 3.1 79% Illinois 1.0 1.8 74% Washington 1.0 1.7 72% Florida 0.5 0.8 62% Tennessee 1.1 1.7 59% New Jersey 3.5 5.4 53% Massachusetts 4.8 6.9 46% Oregon 1.1 1.5 45% Kansas 1.5 2.2 44% Nevada 0.9 1.3 37% Oklahoma 1.0 1.2 27% California 2.1 2.6 26% Ohio 1.3 1.5 14% Colorado 1.2 1.4 14% Wyoming 1.8 2.0 13% Hawaii 3.6 4.1 12% Arizona 1.3 1.5 11% Alabama 1.0 1.1 7% Michigan 1.0 1.0 5% Maryland 1.7 1.8 4% Iowa 1.8 1.8 0% Alaska 0.0 0.0 Unchanged Vermont* 0.0 0.0 Unchanged Pennsylvania 3.5 3.5 -1% United States 1.6 1.6 -2% New Mexico 1 2.1 2.0 -6% Nebraska 2.0 1.8 -8% Texas 1.5 1.3 -15% Minnesota 2.2 1.8 -18% Indiana 1.0 0.8 -19% Montana 2.2 1.8 -20% Virginia 1.5 1.2 -22% Georgia 1.3 1.0 -23% New York 2.0 1.5 -24% Idaho 1.7 1.2 -28% Missouri 1.4 1.0 -28% Louisiana 1.1 0.7 -37% South Dakota 2.7 1.3 -50% North Dakota 3.1 1.5 -53% Delaware 1.9 0.6 -68% West Virginia* 2.0 0.6 -70% Mississippi* 0.9 0.0 -100% Maine* 1.4 0.0 -100% * Less than 4 percent Hispanic. The Sentencing Project • 1705 DeSales Street NW, 8th Floor • Washington, D.C. 20036 • sentencingproject.org 14
POLICY BRIEF: RACIAL DISPARITIES IN YOUTH COMMITMENTS AND ARRESTS Changes in American Indian to White Commitment Disparities, 2003 to 2013 State 2003 American Indian/ white disparity 2013 American Indian/ white disparity Change Vermont** 0.0 63.1 — South Carolina** 0.0 11.7 — Tennessee** 0.0 5.3 — Arkansas* 0.0 1.3 — Florida** 0.7 9.0 1,227% Illinois** 1.2 14.6 1,079% North Carolina* 1.8 5.9 225% Utah* 2.1 6.4 205% Arizona 0.8 2.2 190% Ohio** 0.6 1.5 169% Wyoming* 2.6 5.2 102% Wisconsin* 4.8 9.2 93% New York* 1.1 2.0 83% Oregon* 2.4 4.2 73% Iowa** 4.4 7.2 64% Kansas* 1.8 2.9 60% Minnesota* 10.0 15.6 56% Washington* 2.9 4.3 50% Maine* 4.2 6.1 46% United States 2.5 3.7 46% Alaska 2.2 3.2 44% Indiana** 1.1 1.5 37% West Virginia** 5.3 6.6 24% Colorado* 2.5 3.0 19% South Dakota* 5.4 6.2 15% Montana 2.9 3.3 13% Oklahoma 1.6 1.7 9% Nevada* 1.9 2.0 7% Michigan* 1.5 1.6 7% Alabama** 0.0 0.0 Unchanged Delaware** 0.0 0.0 Unchanged Dist. of Columbia** 0.0 0.0 Unchanged Hawaii** 0.0 0.0 Unchanged Kentucky** 0.0 0.0 Unchanged New Hampshire** 0.0 0.0 Unchanged Virginia** 0.0 0.0 Unchanged North Dakota 5.4 4.9 -8% California* 2.1 1.9 -10% Nebraska* 9.0 7.1 -21% Idaho* 3.9 3.0 -24% Texas* 0.9 0.5 -40% New Mexico 2.0 1.0 -51% Connecticut** 7.3 0.0 -100% Georgia** 1.6 0.0 -100% Louisiana* 2.1 0.0 -100% Maryland** 2.4 0.0 -100% Massachusetts** 2.5 0.0 -100% Mississippi** 2.7 0.0 -100% Missouri** 0.7 0.0 -100% New Jersey** 5.9 0.0 -100% Pennsylvania** 2.5 0.0 -100% Rhode Island* 3.5 0.0 -100% * Less than 4 percent American Indian ** Less than 1 percent American Indian The Sentencing Project • 1705 DeSales Street NW, 8th Floor • Washington, D.C. 20036 • sentencingproject.org 15
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Turning the Improbable Into the Exc
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6. 1 We disseminate Quarterly publi
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death their hostility. 17 He came a
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eceive the death penalty. Early deb
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punishment. The increased ease in t
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According to the Office of Juvenile
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Proposed Reforms Many scholars stre
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Boston, youth court is available to
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Types of Incarceration Some inmates
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populations relative to their repre
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unrelated to crime rates. That is,
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targeted media campaign to shift pu
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Promoting Alternatives: The JDAI Mo
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Nationally, the youth rate of incar
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The percentage of black arrests and
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Working with Police The OJJDP data
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Next, the County Attorney's staff w
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Both selective inattention (ignorin
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FIGURE 6-1 Involvement of juveniles
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comparable across states, and analy
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assault (51 percent for NCVS and 57
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FIGURE 6-2 Child risk indicators by
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lack youth. The next section examin
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one of the few studies of black cit
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Huizinga and Elliott (1987) compare
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controlling only for present offens
Page 66 and 67: of their sentences (Carroll and Mon
Page 68 and 69: whites. The relative risk for a bla
Page 70 and 71: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Ove
Page 72 and 73: Gase, one of the study’s authors,
Page 74 and 75: The Cook County, Illinois, Dispropo
Page 76 and 77: Lancaster County, Pennsylvania redu
Page 78 and 79: Break Down Language Barriers Even t
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Page 82 and 83: Notes _____________________________
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Page 86 and 87: African American Youth and the Juve
Page 88 and 89: Attachment B Minority Youth in The
Page 90 and 91: Minority Youth in the Juvenile Just
Page 92 and 93: 4 In t r o d u c t i o n Minority y
Page 94 and 95: 6 the community’s service provisi
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Page 98 and 99: 10 References Arizona Juvenile Just
Page 100 and 101: The National Conference of State Le
Page 102 and 103: Attachment C Racial Disparities in
Page 104 and 105: POLICY BRIEF: RACIAL DISPARITIES IN
Page 114 and 115: APPENDIX C. POLICY BRIEF: RACIAL DI
Page 120 and 121: Advocacy Foundation Publishers Page
Page 122 and 123: Issue Title Quarterly Vol. I 2015 T
Page 124 and 125: Issue Title Quarterly Vol. V 2019 O
Page 126 and 127: LI Nonprofit Confidentiality In The
Page 128 and 129: Vol. XVIII 2032 Public Policy LXXVI
Page 130 and 131: Racial Profiling June 2019 … Page
Page 132 and 133: The e-Advocate Journal of Theologic
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Page 136 and 137: The e-Advocate Juvenile Justice Rep
Page 138 and 139: 2018 - The Theological Law Firm Aca
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Page 142 and 143: www.TheAdvocacyFoundation.org Page
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