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Can. J. Bot. Downloaded from www.nrcresearchpress.com by Adolf Ceska on 10/11/11 For personal use only. 3016 Noordeloos (1983); Overholts (1940); Singer (1973a); Urbonas et al. (1986). NOTES: This is a conspicuous white species that usually fruits in groups. A variety described from the southern Appala- chians, Marasmius candidus var. setulosus Josserand & Smith, represents a distinct species with setuliform pileocystidia and other distinguishing features (Singer 1973a; D. E. Desjardin, personal communication). ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CANADA: BRITISH COLUMBIA: Haney area, Oct. 25, 1959, G. Rouse (UBC); Squamish, Oct. 17, 1979, S. A. Redhead 3480 (DAOM 188780); Vancouver, July 25, 1949, J. Bowman (DAOM 34685), Feb. 9, 1961, R. J. Bandoni BC-1545 (DAOM 91078), Nov. 17, 1963, E. Hancock (DAOM 114371), Jan. 20, 1982, R. J. Bandoni 6880 (DAOM 182706); Vancouver Island: Lake Cowichan, Meade Creek, Oct. 2, 1979, S. A. Redhead 3282 (DAOM 180410); Goldstream Prov. Park, Oct. 8, 1971, J. Ginns 1898 (DAOM 181027); 24 krn W of Port Alberni, Oct. 7, 1973, S. A. Redhead AP-10 (DAOM 175327); Saanich, Jan. 11 and 19, 1958, W. G. Ziller (DAOM 63342, 63341), Nov. 12, 1964, M. C. Melburn (DAOM 109149); Sidney, Oct. 29 and Nov. 1, 1915, J. Macoun (DAOM 5 1362, 5 1363, both misdetermined as Marasmius subvenosus by Dearness), July 5, 1948, W. G. Ziller (DAOM 21379); Sooke, Oct. 23, 1965, M. C. Melburn 560 (DAOM CAN. J. BOT. VOL. 67, 1989 HABITAT: Coniferous duff. 113217); Victoria, Dec. 2, 1943, G. A. Hardy 89 (DAOM SELECTED LITERATURE: Hongo (1972); Lange (191 7); 16326), Jan. 8, 1959, M. C. Melburn (DAOM 63338), Lange (1946, 1948, 1954); Lange and Munk (1948); Lange Nov. 4, 1961, M. C. Melburn 419 (DAOM 87895), Jan. I, and Sivertsen (1966); Moser (1949); Petersen (1970); Sagara 1967, M. C. Melburn (DAOM 116769); White Rock area, (1973, 1975); Schaeffer (1942); Ulvinen et al. (1981). V. J. Krajina (UBC). ONTARIO: Point Pelee Natl. Park, NOTES: Macroscopically this is not an overly distinctive spe- Sept. 14, 1981, J. E. and S. A. Redhead 4153 (DAOM cies; however, microscopically it is very easily identified. 186919). U.S.A.: CALIFORNIA: Crescent City, Dec. 7, 1937, Collybioid fungi have been studied intensively in both the A. H. Smith 9496 (MICH); Mendocino Co., Jackson State northwestern and northeastern U.S. (Halling 1983; Lennox Forest, Nov. 25, 1972, M. Concannon (DAOM 144090); 1979) without turning up additional collections, thus making Orick, Dec. 4, 1937, A. H. Smith 9396 (MICH); Santa Barits find in Newfoundland noteworthy. In Eurasia it has a bara, Jan. 14, 1939, P. M. Rea 18 (MICH); Santa Cruz Mounbicoastal distributional pattern and hence, if native to North tains, Oct. 5, 1933, M. Mentzes (as Marasmius magnisporus America, may have or have had a bicoastal distribution. in Dearness herb. in DAOM). INDIANA: Bloomington, Aug. ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CANADA: NEW- 20, 1981, R. E. Halling 3424 (NY). MISSOURI: Boone Co., FOUNDLAND: Gros Morne Natl. Park, Sept. 2 1, 1983, J. Ginns Columbia, June 14, 1940, J. B. Routin 1057 (TENN 13288) and S. A. Redhead 4904 (DAOM 187843). FINLAND: Oulum confirmed by D. E. Desjardin. OHIO: Hocking Co., Conkles Pohjanmaa, Pudasjarvi, Ala-Livo, Oct. 6, 1969, E. Ohenoja Hollow State Park, July 16, 1977, W. B. and V. G. Cooke (DAOM 179546). 54635 (DAOM 193769). NORTH CAROLINA: Chapel Hill, July 22, 1920 (NCU 4493) confirmed by D. E. Desjardin. OREGON: (23) Marasmiellus candidus (Bolt. :Fr.) Singer Benton Co., Mary's Peak, Nov. 17, 1970, A. H. Smith 80010 = Agaricus candidus Bolton (MICH); Eugene, Nov. 10, 1946, F. P. Sipe 931 (MICH); = Agaricus albus-corticis Secr., nom. invalid. Garibaldi, Sept. 21, 1944, A. H. Smith 19013 (MICH); Lin- = Marasmius magnisporus Mum. coln Co., Van Duzer Corridor, Oct. 11, 1970, A. H. Smith MAP: Fig. 24. RANGE: Coastal in western North America from southern 78946 (MICH); Polk Co., Van Duzer Corridor, Nov. 18, 1970, A. H. Smith 80081 (MICH); Salmon River above Vancouver Island and the Vancouver region south to southern Welches, Oct. 24, 1947, A. H. Smith 28247 (MICH); Tila- California, also in eastern North America from Pt. Pelee east mook Co., Pacific City dunes, Nov. 9, 1972, A. H. Smith to New York and south to North Carolina, the Azores, 83572 (MICH). PENNSYLVANIA: Allegheny Co., Ben Avon western, eastern, and southern Europe, south to North Africa, Heights, Sept. 19, 1937, L. K. Henry (NY); Westmoreland east to Georgia (USSR), Japan. Co., July 30, 1908, D. R. Jenkins (NY). WASHINGTON: Bell- HABITAT: Woody angiosperm debris on mossy ground, or ingham, Oct. 21, 1962, B. J. M. (UBC); ElwhaR., Olympics, bark, twigs, and exposed roots slightly elevated above the June 1939, A. H. Smith 14264 (MICH); Joyce, Sept. 22, ground. 1935, A. H. Smith 2562 (MICH); Lake Crescent, Sept. 20, SELECTED LITERATURE: Binyamini (1980); De Sousa Da Camara (1956); Dennis et al. (1977); Desjardin (1985, 1935, A. H. Smith 2520 (MICH); San Juan Island, Nov. 20, 1966, M. A. Waugh (UBC). THE NETHERLANDS: LIM- 19876); Eliade (1965); Hardy (1946); Ito (1959); Malen~on BURG: Gronsveld, Savelsbos, Aug. 5, 1981, T. W. Kuyper and Bertault (1975); Murrill (1912~); Nakhutsrishvili (1975); 1670 (DAOM 185425). (24) Psilocybe semilanceata (Fr.) Kummer = Agaricus semilanceatus Fr. MAP: Fig. 28. RANGE: Coastal from the Queen Charlotte Islands to northern California, rare in the interior wet belt of British Columbia (Columbian Mts.), disjunct to eastern New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland (and possibly Vermont); northern, western, eastern, and southern Europe through to Georgia, USSR; disjunct to the far eastern USSR; Australia and Chile in the southern Hemisphere. HABITAT: On herbaceous debris in wet pastures of coarse grasses and rushes, usually on bottom lands near rivers or the ocean, an exception being the California collection associated with charred mossy wood. SELECTED LITERATURE: De Sousa Da Camara (1956); Eliade (1965); Guzmin (1983); Guzmin and Watling (1978); HBiland (1978); Jokiranta et al. (1984); Lange (1936~); Michaelis (1977); Moeller (19456); Nakhutsrishvili (1975); Redhead (19796); Schmid-Heckel (1985); Singer and Moser (1964); Ulvinen et al. (1981); Urbonas (1978); Urbonas et al. (1986); Watling and Gregory (1987). NOTES: Psilocybe semilanceata is one of the more distinctive small species, often harvested for its hallucinogenic drug, psilocybin. The genus Psilocybe was monographed for the
Can. J. Bot. Downloaded from www.nrcresearchpress.com by Adolf Ceska on 10/11/11 For personal use only. world by Guzmin (1983). Among other locations, he reported P. semilanceata from Albany, New York, filed as Psilocybe foenisecii, "Peck s.n." (NYS). In actuality two lids appear to have been switched on collections identified as P. foenisecii deposited at Albany (NYS). On the reverse of one is informa- tion indicating it came from "Nova Scotia A. H. MacKay St 05" where it caused a "short sickness in children," and that contradicts data on the lid that reads "Menands, Chas. H. Peck June." This is the specimen of P. semilanceata cited by Guzmin. On an identically sized box is a lid inscribed "Psilo- cybe foenisecii A. H. MacKay Nova Scotia Sept. 1905." The specimen in that box is P. foenisecii, which I believe is the Menands collection. MacKay (1913) detailed the symptoms produced in children who had ingested the species he sent to Peck from Glace Bay, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. A third unrelated collection, not cited by Guzmin, from Bethlehem, New York, was identified as P. semilanceata by Peck (NYS), but is actually P. subcoprophila (Britz.) Sacc. Psilocybe semilanceata has also been reported from Akpatok Island, N.W.T., by Polunin (1934). No specimens could be located at the British Museum or Kew. This record, in an arctic region and over 1000 krn from documented sightings, is almost certainly based on a misdetermination and should not be accepted unless verified by voucher specimens. Guzmin (1983) also reported P. semilanceata from "Vir- ginia, Vermont, Middlebury" leg. Langlois s.n. (Oct. 24, 1898) (BPI). I have seen a number of Langlois collections of various species at Beltsville with such confusing labels indicating different sites. I would expect to find P. semilanceata in coastal Vermont but not in Virginia. ADDlTIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CANADA: BRITISH REDHEAD 3017 CALIFORNIA: Humbolt Co., Nov. 8, 1986, B. L. Thompson (SFU) . Boreal endemic (25) Marasmiellus filopes (Peck) Redhead = Marasmius $lopes Peck = Marasrnius thujinus Peck = Marasrnius piceina Kauff. MAP: Fig. 20. RANGE: From southern British Columbia and western Alberta to northern California and Colorado in the Coastal, Columbian, and Rock Mountain ranges; apparently disjunct to the eastern boreal forest, east of the Great Lakes to Newfoundland. HABITAT: Individually on fallen needles of Abies, Pinus, or Picea species, usually covering needle beds by the hundreds or thousands. SELECTED LITERATURE: Desjardin (1985, 1987b); Gilliam (1976); Redhead (1980d). NOTES: This species is conspicuous because of the large numbers of basidiomes it produces in concentrated patches. There is an old report from Orca, Alaska by Saccardo et al. (1904) that may be correct. ADDlTIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CANADA: ALBERTA: Marmot Creek basin, Kananaskis valley near Seebe, R. M. Danielson 1855 (DAOM 184722); Waterton Lakes Natl. Park, Cameron Lake, Aug. 15, 1980, G. P. White 899 (DAOM 177003). BRITISH COLUMBIA: Rocky Mt. Trench near Donald Stn., Hwy. 1 and Columbia River, Sept. 21, 1980, S. A. Redhead 3976 (DAOM 180995). NEW BRUNSWICK: Moncton, Oct. 28, 1987, G. P. White (DAOM 197820). NEWFOUND- LAND: Gros Morne Natl. Park, Berry Hill Pond, Sept. 17, COLUMBIA: Glacier Natl. Park, upper Illecillewaet River valley 1983, S. A. Redhead 4745 (DAOM 187965). ONTARIO: by old railway station, Sept. 27, 1980, S. A. Redhead 4107 Algonquin Prov. Park, Smoke Lake, Sept. 23, 1982, G. Thorn (DAOM 178932); Mission, Oct. 1977, P. Kroeger and 820923120 (DAOM 190127), Peck Twp., Hardwood Lookout S. Czolowski (DAOM 175141); Queen Charlotte Islands, Trail, Oct. 14, 1985, G. Thorn and P. Macquame 85 1014105 Graham Is., Masset, Oct., 1980, B. Fulford (DAOM 177915), (DAOM 195327). PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND: Prince Co., Cabot Sept. 18, 1982, S. A. Redhead 4387 (DAOM 187508); Port Prov. Park, Oct. 14, 1988, S. A. Redhead 6727 (DAOM Clements area, Sept. 15, 1982, S. A. Redhead 4254 (DAOM 198745). QUEBEC: St. Fabien-de-Panet, Oct. 12, 1980, 187597); Vancouver Island, Duncan, Oct. 8, 1979, S. A. R. McNeil 961 (DAOM 180924). U.S.A.: IDAHO: Bonner Redhead 3400 (DAOM 175061); Vedder Canal, Oct. 14, Co., Priest L., Sept. 23, 1964, A. H. Smith 70709 (MICH); 1973, S. A. Redhead AY-4 (DAOM 175237). NEW BRUNS- Latah Co., Dry Creek, Nov. 13, 1946, W. B. and V. G. WICK: Fredericton, Nov. 2, 1977, E. Fiander (DAOM Cooke 18764 (MICH). MICHIGAN: Isle Royale, Oct. 17, 1942, 165480); Kouchibouguac Natl. Park, Sept. 22, 1977, S. A. H. and V. Bailey 140 (MICH). NEW YORK: Lake placid, Redhead 2484 (DAOM 165834), Oct. 9, 1978, S. A. Redhead Oct. 13, 1913, W. A. Mum11 (MICH). UTAH: Rich Co., W. 2769 (DAOM 169937). NEWFOUNDLAND: Avalon Peninsula, of Randoph, Sept. 3, 1971, C. T. Rogerson 4106 (MICH). St. John's, Oct. 9, 1988, S. A. Redhead 6636 (DAOM 198741); western Newfoundland, late summer 1976, comm. (26) Marasmius pallidocephalus Gilliam J. Webster (DAOM 160725); Gros Morne Natl. Park, Green MAP: Fig. 10. Point, Sept. 24, 1983, S. A. Redhead 4962 (DAOM 187936); RANGE: From the Queen Charlotte Islands to the Yukon and Berry Head Pond Trail, Sept. 21, 1983, S. A. Redhead 4887 northern California, across boreal Canada to Newfoundland, (DAOM 187935). NOVA SCOTIA: Cape Breton Island, Glace also in the Great Smoky Mountains. Bay, Sept. 1905, comm. by A. H. MacKay (as Psilocybe HABITAT: On needles in needle beds, most commonly Picea, foenisecii, NYS, see text above); Glenmont, Oct. 13, 198 1, Tsuga, less often Pinus. G. Thorn 430 (DAOM 187594). PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND: SELECTED LITERATURE: Desjardin (1985, 1987b); Gilliam Kings Co., Red Point Prov. Park, Oct. 17, 1988, S. A. Red- (1975b, 1976); Ginns (1986); Redhead (1984~). head 6764 (DAOM 198743); Prince Co., Cabot Prov. Park, NOTES: In the field it is difficult to always distinguish Oct. 14, 1988, S. A. Redhead 67 14 (DAOM 198742); Queens between M. androsaceus and M. pallidocephalus. However, Co., Tea Hill Prov. Park, Oct. 17, 1988, S. A. Redhead 6773 section Androsacei is easily recognized, and commonly col- (DAOM 198744). ENGLAND: Ashdown Forest, Aug. 1, lected on field trips. Distributional data are based upon speci- 1954, J. W. Groves (DAOM 44788); Ashridge, Oct. 13, mens segregated from M, androsaceus collections for the most 1951, D. A. Reid (DAOM 27820). SWEDEN: SMALAND: part originally filed under the latter name in herbaria. Nassjo, Sept. 24, 1945, G. Haglund (DAOM 66226). U.S.A.: ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CANADA: ALBERTA:
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