Redhead Fungal Biogeography.pdf - Mushroom Hobby

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Omphalina alpina); Lange (1955, 1957); Mikhailovskii
(1975); Murata (1979); Pilfit and Nannfeldt (1954); Redhead
and Kuyper (1987, 1988); Stepanova and Tomilin (1973);
Ulvinen et al. (1981); Watling (1977, 1988b).
NOTES: Phytoconis luteovitellina is a lichenized member of
the Tricholomataceae, with a narrower northern range than the
allied P. ericetorum (Pers.: Fr.) Redhead & Kuyper, a species
with a bipolar distribution. The conspicuous bright yellow
colouration of P. luteovitellina is easily spotted against the
normally green to brown background colours. Microscopically
the thick-walled hyphae subtending the globular thalli are dis-
tinctive. The report of Omphalina luteovitellina from Alaska
by Miller (1969) was based on a collection of P. viridis (Ach.)
Redhead & Kuyper (specimen examined: Skoli Pass, July 21,
1967, 0. K. Miller 5678, BPI). Horak (1987) reported the
presence of clamp connections in a Chinese collection on
coniferous wood he identified as Omphalina alpina (Britz.)
Bres. & Stangl. Reexamination of this specimen (ZT 2843)
confirmed it is a species of Phytoconis, complete with
lichenized thalli and lacking clamp connections. However, the
thallus is identical to that of P. ericetorum on coniferous wood
from the Pacific Coast of North America, and not that of
P. luteovitellina. It is probable that ZT 2843 represents the
yellowish form of P. ericetorum equivalent to that described
by Peck (1896) as Omphalia luteola Peck, and possibly war-
rants a varietal name. Bigelow (1970) described different
colour phases of P. ericetorum and concluded that the species
could finally become "pale yellowish to whitish (near "ivory
yellow, " "colonial buff"). " Horak (1987) described his col-
lection as "at first pale brown-yellow turning primrose
yellow. " In Ridgway (1912) "primrose yellow" and "ivory
yellow" are adjacent colour chips. Peck described 0. luteola
as being buff-yellow.
ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED: U.S.A.: ALASKA:
Camden Bay, July 6, 1914, F. Johansen (as Hygrophorus can-
tharellus, Canadian Arctic Expedition, Dearness herb. in
DAOM) .
Circumpolar: bipolar
(6) Arrhenia lobata (Pers.:Fr.) Kiihner & Lamoure ex
Redhead
= Merulius lobatus Pers.
= Merulius uliginosus Pers.
= Cantharellus bryophilus Peck
= Leptoglossum lobatum var. antarcticum Horak
MAP: Fig. 7.
RANGE: Arctic and boreal North America, isolated southern
eastern bogs, seepage or boggy montane sites in the Rockies,
Sierra Nevada and Coastal mountains, also in Greenland, Iceland,
northern Europe, the Faeroes, Alps, Carpathian and
Ilgaz-Dagh mountains, Siberia, and Antarctica.
HABITAT: Parasitic on mosses in wet arctic and alpine
tundra, Sphagnum bogs in the boreal forest, and pothole bogs
further south.
SELECTED LITERATURE: Gulden and Jenssen (1988);
Kobayasi et al. (197 1); Lange (1955); Hallgnmsson (198 1);
Lamoure et al. (1982); Larsen (1932); Redhead (1984a);
Senn-Irlet (1988); Ulvinen et al. (1981); Urbonas et al. (1986).
NOTES: The genus Arrhenia has been monographed for
North America (Redhead 1984a).
ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: U.S. A. : CALIFORNIA:
Sierra Co., Yuba Pass, Webber L. Rd., June 6, 1987, R. E.
CAN. J. BOT. VOL. 67. 1989
Halling 5300 (NY). MONTANA: Flathead Co., Rogers L., July
12, 1964, R. L. Gilbertson 4558 (VPI). UTAH: Sanpete Co.,
Mt. Pleasant Creek Canyon, June 27, 1961, K. H. McKnight
F5 184 (VPI) .
(7) Coprinus martinii Favre ex Orton
MAP: Fig. 2.
RANGE: Northern Alaska, Bathurst Island, Greenland, Svalbard,
Scotland, the Alps, north central Siberia, and south
Georgia.
HABITAT: On decaying sedges and rushes in wet tundra or
alpine areas.
SELECTED LITERATURE: Dennis (1968); Favre (1937);
Gorodkov (1956); Lamoure et al. (1982); Lange (1955);
Laursen and Chmielewski (1982); Miller et al. (1982); Orton
(1960); Pegler et al. (1981); Redhead (1984b); Schwenke
(1 987).
NOTES: This species and Arrhenia lobata are representatives
of a group of species with bipolar distributions. Pegler et al.
(1981) reported a number of common northern species from
antarctic or subantarctic regions, e.g., Cystoderma amiantlzinum
(Scop.) Fayod, Agrocybe semiorbicularis (Bull.) Fayod,
Galerina moelleri Bas, G. pumila (Pers.) M. Lange ex Singer,
G. vittiformis (Fr.) Singer, and Hypholoma elongatum (Pers.)
Ricken.
Veldre (1987) reported Coprinus martinii from Estonia, a
record that needs confirmation based on specimens or more
published data before being accepted.
(8) Phytoconis ericetorum (Pers.:Fr.) Redhead & Kuyper
= Byssus botryoides L.
= Agaricus pseudoandrosaceus Bull.
= Agaricus ericetorum Pers .
= Agaricus nothus Gmelin
= Agaricus valgus Holmskjold
= Agaricus umbelliferus Fr.
= Merulius tu$osus Pers.
= Botrydina vulgaris Brkb.
= Omphalia luteola Peck
= Omphalia sphagnicola Peck
= Omphalina fulvopallens Orton
MAP: Fig. 8.
RANGE: Arctic, boreal, and coastal North America, Greenland,
Iceland, northern Europe to North Africa, western, central,
Siberian and far eastern USSR, Japan, (?) south Georgia,
and western Australia.
HABITAT: Peaty or sandy soil and moss cushions in arctic or
alpine tundra, Sphagnum bogs, or decaying coniferous wood
in wet boreal or coastal forests.
SELECTED LITERATURE: Azbukina et al. (1984); Bigelow
(1970); Dearness (1923); De Sousa Da Camera (1956); Eliade
(1965); Gorodkov (1956); Hallgnmsson (1981); Heikkila and
Kallio (1969); Hilton (1988); Kobayasi et al. (1971); Lamoure
et al. (1982); Lange (1955); Malen~on and Bertault (1975);
Mikhailovskii (1975); Murata (1978); Nakhutsrishvili (1975);
Nezdojminogo (1976); Pegler et al. (1981); Redhead and
Kuyper (1987, 1988); Schmid-Heckel (1985); Stepanova and
Tomilin (1973); Ulvinen et al. (1981); Urbonas et al. (1986);
Vasil'eva (1973); Vasil'kov (1970, 1971); Watling (1977).
NOTES: Phytoconis ericetorum is the most widely distributed
and apparently the most primitive member of this lichenized
genus. Material from the Southern Hemisphere has not been
reexamined in light of research indicating that species in Phytoconis
can be distinguished by their thallic structure (Redhead