Redhead Fungal Biogeography.pdf - Mushroom Hobby

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CAN. J. BOT.
synonymous with M. juncicola as suggested by Maas Geester-
anus (1.c.).
(60) Omphalina viridis (Hornem.) Kuyper
= Agaricus ericetorum var. viridis Hornem.
= Omphalia viridis (Hornem.) J. Lange
= Clitocybe atroviridis Bigelow
MAP: Fig. 43.
RANGE: Queen Charlotte Islands south to northern California
along the coast, also in Britain, the Netherlands, France, Denmark,
and northern Africa.
HABITAT: Among acrocarpous mosses on sandy soil along
creeks, beaches, and in grassy areas.
SELECTED LITERATURE: Arnolds (1982); Bigelow (1982,
1985); Bigelow and Smith (1962); Dennis et al. (1960);
Malen~on and Bertault (1975); Redhead (1986); Smith (1941).
NOTES: The specific name for this species has been debated
for years. It has been called Omphalina urnbellifera var. viridis
(Hornem.) QuCl., Omphalina chlorocyanea (Pat.) Singer, and
Clitocybe smaragdina (Berk.) Bigelow & Smith. The nomenclature
and taxonomy were discussed by Bigelow (1985) and
Redhead (1986). This species is distinctive because of its
unusual blue-green pigment and its often early fruiting in the
spring.
Thiers' collections from California cited by Bigelow (1985)
are all from Mendocino (H. D. Thiers, personal communication,
1988).
(61) Resinomycena saccharifera (Berk. & Br.) Redhead
= Agaricus sacchariferus Berk. & Br.
= Omphalia quisquilaris Josserand, nom. invalid.
= Mycena kalalochensis A. H. Smith
= Mycena pudica Hora
MAP: Fig. 42.
RANGE: Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia to northern
California along the coast; Denmark, Britain, and France.
HABITAT: On wet decaying vegetation, grasses, leaf litter,
small twigs, along beaches, in seepage areas, and in dense
hummocks.
SELECTED LITERATURE: Hora (1960); Josserand (1937);
Kiihner (1938, 1985); Lange (1946); Maas Geesteranus
(1982); Pearson (1946); Redhead and Singer (1981); Redhead
(1984b).
NOTES: This is a small but microscopically distinctive
species.
Amphi-Atlantic: European - east coast
(62) Luccaria maritima (Teod.) Singer ex Huhtinen
= Hygrophorus maritima Teod.
= Luccaria trullisata f. rugulospora M. Lange
MAP: Fig. 52, also see Elborne (1989, Fig. 4).
RANGE: Coastal around the Baltic Sea and the North Sea in
Europe; from one locality each in Greenland and Post-de-la-
Baleine, Quebec.
HABITAT: Shifting coastal sand dunes, sometimes sparsely
vegetated.
SELECTED LITERATURE: Andersson (1950); Bresinsky
(1987); Elborne (1989); Hpliland (1976); Huhtinen (1988);
Kallio and Heikkila (1963); Lamoure et al. (1982); Lange
(1955); Singer (1961); Teodorowicz (1936); Ulvinen et al.
(1981); Urbonas et al. (1986); Vellinga (1982).
NOTES: It is possible that this species has been introduced to
both North America and Greenland from Europe as a ballast
fungus equivalent to ballast plants (Baum 1978; Ridley 1930).
Its sporadic distribution in North America, the presence of a
much commoner North Amerian vicariant species, L. trullisata,
and its habitat, beach sand, make this a likely possibility.
Another fungus, Uromyces ervi West., parasitic on Vicia
hirsuta (L.) S. F. Gray, was first reported from North America
near Tracadiae, N.S. by Savile (1957), who now believes it
may also be a ballast fungus (D. B. 0. Savile, personal communication).
(63) Panellus violaceofulvus (Batsch:Fr.) Singer
= Agaricus violaceofulvus Batsch
= Agaricus elatinus Pers.
= Agaricus blakei Berk. & Curt.
MAP: Fig. 54 (*exact location in Maine not known).
RANGE: Western Newfoundland, Anticosti Island, and
Gasp6 Peninsula, Quebec, Nova Scotia, Saint-Pierre, Maine;
Europe (Austria, Czechoslovakia, Estonian SSR, France, Germany,
Italy, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, Switzerland), Asia
Minor, the western Caucasus (Krasnodar region), and Georgian
USSR.
HABITAT: On senescent lower branches, rarely over 2 cm
diam, of living fir or recently killed understory trees.
SELECTED LITERATURE: Abraham (1986); Boudier (1904-
191 I), Konrad and Maublanc (1928); Malkovskjl (1932);
Miller (1970); Nakhutsrishvili (1975); Pilit (1935 - 1936);
Schmid-Heckel (1985); Thorn (1986b); Ulvinen et al. (1981);
Urbonas et al. (1986); Vaasma et al. (1986).
NOTES: In older European literature this species was often
divided into two forms or varieties, e.g., f. typica and f. delastrei.
The latter taxon is now considered to be a distinct species,
P. ringens (Fr.) Romagnesi, which occurs on hardwoods. As
pointed out by Miller (1970), most older North American
reports of P. violaceofulvus were based on the latter form or
variety and hence refer to P. ringens. For example, the report
of P. violaceofulvus from Kenora, Ontario, by Bisby et al.
(1938) was based on a misidentified collection of P. ringens
(DAOM 198216, on Betula, Sept. 30, 1934, G. R. Bisby
et al.). Panellus violaceofulvus is notable for its absence in
eastern Asia east of Georgia and the western Caucasus Mountains,
USSR, and in North America west of the eastern Maritimes.
ADDITlONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CANADA: NEWFOUND-
LAND: Gros Morne Natl. Park, Western Brook trail, Sept. 24,
1983, J. Ginns and S. A. Redhead 4988 (DAOM 187858).
NOVA SCOTIA: Queen's Co., Kejimkujik Natl. Park seaside
adjunct, Port Joli Head, Sept. 22, 1987, S. A. Redhead 61 14
(DAOM 198237); Victoria Co., Cape Breton Highlands Natl.
Park, Jack Pine trail, Oct. 4, 1987, S. A. Redhead 6453
(DAOM 198238). QUEBEC: Anticosti Island, Port Menier, July
18, 1966, G. Bard (QFB 5083); Gasp6 Peninsula, Forillon
Natl. Park, La Chute trail, Oct. 2, 1988, S. A. Redhead 6550
(DAOM 198753).
Amphi-Atlantic: European- boreal
(64) Lyophyllum palustre (Peck) Singer
= Agaricus palustris Peck
= Agaricus leucomyosotis Cooke & Smith
= Agaricus obstans Britz.
= Collybia papilliformis Kauff.
MAP: Fig. 57.
RANGE: Southern boreal forest of Manitoba east through the
northern Great Lakes region, to Nova Scotia and New Jersey;