conférence de la haye de droit international privé - HCCH

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PARTIE I PRATIQUE EN VERTU DES INSTRUMENTS INTERNATIONAUX EXISTANT Le questionnaire sur les obligations alimentaires, transmis préalablement à la Commission spéciale d'avril 1999, a déjà fourni beaucoup d'informations sur la pratique en vertu des instruments internationaux existants. Les parties I à IV de ce questionnaire sont jointes en annexe I à ce document. Les Etats et les organisations qui ont répondu au questionnaire en 1999 sont invités à fournir les réponses supplémentaires aux parties I à IV de ce questionnaire concernant toute évolution pertinente survenue depuis avril 1999. 1 Les Etats et les organisations qui ont été dans l'impossibilité de répondre en 1999 sont invités à transmettre des réponses complètes. PART I PRACTICE UNDER EXISTING INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS The questionnaire on maintenance obligations, which was sent out in advance of the Special Commission of April 1999 has already provided much information on practice under the existing international instruments. Parts I to IV of that questionnaire are attached to this document as Annex I. States and organisations which responded to the questionnaire in 1999 are requested only to supply supplementary responses to Parts I to IV of that questionnaire, covering any relevant developments since April 1999. 2 States and organisations which were not able to respond in 1999 are asked to provide full responses. Voir annexe 1 / See Annex 1 1 Voir extraits des réponses au Questionnaire sur les obligations alimentaires, Doc. prél. N 3 à l'intention de la Commission spéciale d'avril 1999 (http://www.hcch.net/f/workprog/maint.html). 2 See extracts from responses to the Questionnaire on Maintenance Obligations, Prel. Doc. No 3 for the attention of the Special Commission of April 1999 (http://www.hcch.net/e/workprog/maint.html). 6
PARTIE II QUESTIONS CONCERNANT LES SYSTEMES NATIONAUX RELATIFS AUX ALIMENTS ENVERS LES ENFANTS ET D’AUTRES MEMBRES DE LA FAMILLE PART II QUESTIONS CONCERNING NATIONAL SYSTEMS OF MAINTENANCE OBLIGATIONS IN RESPECT OF CHILDREN AND OTHER FAMILY MEMBERS UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PRELIMINARY NOTE: In addition to the information provided herein, the United States believes that three additional U.S. documents will be useful to persons wishing to understand the U.S. approach to international child support agreements. Those are 1) the provision of U.S. law that authorizes the negotiation and conclusion of bilateral child support agreements; 2) the Model Agreement that the U.S. has used in bilateral negotiations; and 3) a paper titled, “Toward an Accommodation of Divergent Jurisdictional Standards for the Determination of maintenance Obligations in Private International Law,” which explains the U.S. fact-based, non-jurisdictional approach to the enforcement of child support obligations, and which was submitted at the 1999 Hague Conference Special Commission on Maintenance Obligations. Copies of these documents are attached hereto, and they should be considered integral parts of the U.S. response. Preliminary Comments on Family Support Law under the U.S. Federal System Before responding to the specific questions posed by the questionnaire, the United States believes that it will be useful to provide some background on the relationship between the federal and state governments how this affects the establishment and enforcement of family maintenance obligations in the United States. Under the U.S. Constitution, powers not specifically delegated to the federal government are reserved to the individual states. Family law, including child support (i.e., maintenance), is one of those subjects that has traditionally been considered as being within the nearly exclusive jurisdiction of individual state legislatures and courts. However, over the past three decades, child support law has become much more standardized in the United States, as the federal role in child support enforcement has expanded significantly. The U.S. Congress established the national Child Support Enforcement Program in 1975 under Title IV-D of the Social Security Act (title IV-D), 42 U.S.C. §§ 651-669a. The Child Support Enforcement Program is a joint federal, state and local partnership designed to ensure that parents provide support to their children. Pursuant to title IV-D and related federal regulations, 45 C.F.R. §§ 301.00-310.190, each state operates a child support program, either in the human services department, department of revenue, or district attorneys office, often with the help of prosecuting attorneys, other law enforcement agencies, and officials of family or domestic relations courts. The program involves 54 separate state and territory systems, each with its own unique laws and procedures. Under the auspices of the Federal Office of Child Support Enforcement (OCSE) within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, state child support programs provide four major services: locating non-custodial parents, establishing paternity, establishing child support obligations, and collecting child support for families. Federal law requires states, as a condition for receiving certain federal funds, to adopt a variety of specified laws or procedures to accomplish the objectives of the Child Support Enforcement Program. One of the required laws, the Uniform Interstate Family Support Act (UIFSA) of 1996, was developed by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws (NCCUSL) to provide for a uniform reciprocal process for the establishment and enforcement of child support obligations across state lines. (NCCUSL is composed of representatives of each state, and develops laws, which individual states can then choose to adopt, in areas where uniformity among the states would be beneficial). The nationwide adoption of UIFSA brings uniformity among states in the processing of interstate cases; it 7
Page 1 and 2: Obligations alimentaires Maintenanc
Page 3 and 4: TABLE DES MATIÈRES / TABLE OF CONT
Page 5: ANNEXE II LISTE DES ETATS NON-MEMBR
Page 9 and 10: Nature de la décision relative à
Page 11 and 12: date of decree absolute. There is n
Page 13 and 14: FINLAND Maintenance to a child The
Page 15 and 16: critère de l’insuffisance des mo
Page 17 and 18: 1 (d) Under Part VIII of the Family
Page 19 and 20: En revanche, des décisions adminis
Page 21 and 22: periodical payments or lump sum pay
Page 23 and 24: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (a) Mainte
Page 25 and 26: DENMARK Danish law imposes an oblig
Page 27 and 28: GERMANY Direct relatives are entitl
Page 29 and 30: Section 10 of the same Act addresse
Page 31 and 32: Les autres personnes prévues par l
Page 33 and 34: 3 Quelle est votre définition d'un
Page 35 and 36: CROATIA Under the Family Act, paren
Page 37 and 38: NEW ZEALAND “Dependent child” i
Page 39 and 40: UNITED KINGDOM - SCOTLAND For the p
Page 41 and 42: Under the private international rul
Page 43 and 44: ) the court will, when the matter r
Page 45 and 46: THE NETHERLANDS The 1973 Hague Conv
Page 47 and 48: U.S.C. §§ 654(4), (6), (32), and
Page 49 and 50: question of maintenance arises in c
Page 51 and 52: THE NETHERLANDS The amount payable
Page 53 and 54: BULGARIE Si le demandeur ou le déf
Page 55 and 56: FRANCE Les juridictions françaises
Page 57 and 58:
In case the plaintiff lives abroad,
Page 59 and 60:
7 La procédure relative à une dem
Page 61 and 62:
When a divorce proceeding is pendin
Page 63 and 64:
tat-3 ta’ Gunju, 1987 v Carmelo C
Page 65 and 66:
Méthodes de calcul des aliments Me
Page 67 and 68:
circumstances. Taken into account f
Page 69 and 70:
In court practice, guidelines and t
Page 71 and 72:
The financial factors relevant to y
Page 73 and 74:
NORWAY (h) Where the child has atta
Page 75 and 76:
SWEDEN It is based on legal criteri
Page 77 and 78:
At a minimum, federal law requires
Page 79 and 80:
(b) When the respondent resides abr
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NEW ZEALAND See above. If the payin
Page 83 and 84:
10 La méthode de calcul des alimen
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The criteria for calculating mainte
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POLAND If a child is entitled to ma
Page 89 and 90:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA The Title
Page 91 and 92:
GERMANY Also the question as to whi
Page 93 and 94:
the circumstances, for the reasonab
Page 95 and 96:
POLAND The national law of the pers
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No generally, there must be a new a
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GERMANY There is no automatic repea
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SWEDEN No. UNITED KINGDOM - ENGLAND
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BULGARIE « A la suite d'un changem
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LUXEMBOURG En règle générale, le
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UNITED KINGDOM - SCOTLAND See quest
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Please see 8 and 11 above. CYPRUS W
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case) taken place in the circumstan
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The criterion for variation is “t
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support orders shall be modified if
Page 117 and 118:
Same as a domestic decision provide
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A signaler un problème particulier
Page 121 and 122:
LDIP prévoit des règles de compé
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AUSTRALIA Under the Child Support (
Page 125 and 126:
DENMARK The provisions on the deter
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Pour le surplus, il est difficile e
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habituelle de l’enfant au moment
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CANADA Dans les provinces et territ
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A demand for maintenance for a chil
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LUXEMBOURG Voir question 16. MALTA
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SWEDEN If the child's mother is mar
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contact between the parties; or (2)
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Expert proofs consisting of biologi
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own legal costs, unless the court f
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Voir question 16. MALTA According t
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PANAMA Procedures to establish pate
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In the courts application for maint
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19 La reconnaissance et l'exécutio
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DENMARK (a) Danish authorities may
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155 or the National Office decides
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Legal and administrative aid and as
Page 159 and 160:
CZECH REPUBLIC The petitioner is ex
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- celui du requérant résidant à
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MALTA a. • The benefit of legal a
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• a) L’art. 290 CC prévoit une
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AUSTRALIA Different guidelines appl
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La déclaration de ressources n’e
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In accordance with section 1716 of
Page 173 and 174:
THE NETHERLANDS - NEW ZEALAND The o
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UNITED KINGDOM - ENGLAND AND WALES
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Assistance from the state child sup
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ISRAEL The difference lies in the f
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SLOVAKIA The Centre does not provid
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the expertise of the lawyer retaine
Page 185 and 186:
Fees and expenses are summarised in
Page 187 and 188:
The legal fees differ only by means
Page 189 and 190:
In respect of applications/claims f
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esidential/custodial parent is in r
Page 193 and 194:
FRANCE - GERMANY In accordance with
Page 195 and 196:
child support owed to the obligee h
Page 197 and 198:
enables an enforcement of the judgm
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LUXEMBOURG Quel que soit le débite
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sheriff´s officer (we have a paral
Page 203 and 204:
CANADA Il n’existe pas d’entent
Page 205 and 206:
the European Community in the Recog
Page 207 and 208:
27 Quelle sont les procédures en v
Page 209 and 210:
CROATIA In either case the law prov
Page 211 and 212:
prior to the time the award was mad
Page 213 and 214:
SLOVAKIA The procedures do not diff
Page 215 and 216:
Finally, where a liability order ha
Page 217 and 218:
- Court imposed fines; - Demanding
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FRANCE Voir question 27. GERMANY Re
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It is to be stated that under the C
Page 223 and 224:
223
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• disqualification from driving -
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When the Bailiff´s Office carries
Page 229 and 230:
charges per month. Some accounts ca
Page 231 and 232:
Some states incur no costs other th
Page 233 and 234:
ISRAEL No. JAPAN Various methods of
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UNITED KINGDOM - SCOTLAND No, they
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- CANADA • Difficultés d’obten
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239 his or her request by sending h
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Au niveau de l’assistance judicia
Page 243 and 244:
POLAND The most important shortcomi
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4. The New York Convention deals wi
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32 Veuillez énumérer toutes les l
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FINLAND Please, read the answer to
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NEW ZEALAND See 31 above. NORWAY In
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UNITED KINGDOM - SCOTLAND The major
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AUSTRALIA (a) Very High, without co
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CZECH REPUBLIC We consider the summ
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m) The procedure should be such tha
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equest from the public body of the
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(h) We do not believe this provisio
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(b) The procedure relating to recog
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(j) To develop standard forms suita
Page 269 and 270:
(m) Others - desirable. - Keep addi
Page 271 and 272:
(e) It would be useful to list the
Page 273 and 274:
273 -- The instrument could provide
Page 275 and 276:
CHILE (a) All. (b) None. (c) Yes. C
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(a) All areas marked at Question 33
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SLOVAKIA (a) Core elements: I,II ,V
Page 281 and 282:
-- Transfer-of-funds provisions (hi
Page 283 and 284:
GERMANY N/A. ISRAEL - JAPAN See que
Page 285 and 286:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA As explain
Page 287 and 288:
These should certainly be all the S
Page 289 and 290:
It would be of great value if Europ
Page 291 and 292:
CROATIA - CYPRUS Not at the moment.
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- SLOVAKIA Unfortunately not. Under
Page 295 and 296:
CZECH REPUBLIC Information on Czech
Page 297 and 298:
in English on the applicable provis
Page 299 and 300:
ANNEXE I / ANNEX I Document prélim
Page 301 and 302:
CYPRUS No. DENMARK Enforcement of f
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AUSTRALIA When a country sends a re
Page 305 and 306:
4 Quelle est la procédure type qui
Page 307 and 308:
No. DENMARK No. POLAND There is no
Page 309 and 310:
CROATIA - CYPRUS No. DENMARK Yes, D
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(c) Claimant must be able to produc
Page 313 and 314:
POLAND All documents submitted by t
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d'aliments dans la monnaie de l'Eta
Page 317 and 318:
15 Avez-vous eu connaissance de cas
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UNITED KINGDOM - ENGLAND AND WALES
Page 321 and 322:
18 Votre autorité, a-t-elle le pou
Page 323 and 324:
pension; an expert may be appointed
Page 325 and 326:
325 - absence of translation into t
Page 327 and 328:
Sweden 34 52 29 115 2 2 Switzerland
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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA The United
Page 331 and 332:
2 Faut-il respecter un délai de pr
Page 333 and 334:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA The debtor
Page 335 and 336:
PARTIE III LES CONVENTIONS DE LA HA
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Due to a short period of binding fo
Page 339 and 340:
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Choice of
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ANNEXE III / ANNEX III NOTA INFORMA
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les ruega que proporcionen sus resp
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Métodos para calcular la pensión
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PARTE III PREGUNTAS RELATIVAS A LOS
Page 349 and 350:
ANEXO I Documento preliminar No 1,
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PARTE II CONVENIOS DE LA HAYA DE 19
Page 353 and 354:
Estados partes ANEXO II Lista de Es
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