Review of Maritime Transport 2010 - Unctad

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140 Review of MaRitiMe tRanspoRt 2010 Continental Shelf (1988 SUA Protocol) on 29 April 2010, thus becoming the twelfth country to ratify the 2005 Protocol to the SUA Convention, and the tenth to ratify the 2005 Protocol to the 1988 SUA Protocol. Both protocols will come into force 90 days after this deposit, namely on 28 July 2010. 91 The 1988 SUA Convention provides a basis for its States parties to prosecute pirates. Although the Convention does not contain an express definition of piracy and armed robbery against ships, its article 3(1)(a) stipulates that any person commits an offence if that person unlawfully and intentionally “seizes or exercises control over a ship by force or threat thereof or any other form of intimidation.” Under the Convention, appropriate measures need to be taken by States to make this and other offences punishable by penalties, to establish jurisdiction over these, and to accept delivery of persons responsible for or suspected of committing such offences. For more details, see also the Review of Maritime Transport 2009. 92 For a description of the amendments to the 1988 SUA Convention and to the 1988 SUA Protocol, adopted in 2005 under the auspices of IMO, see the Review of Maritime Transport 2006. The 1988 SUA Convention came into force on 1 March 1992. As at 31 August 2010, it had 156 parties, representing 94.73 per cent of world tonnage. The text of the Convention can be found at www.admiraltylawguide.com. For an update on its status, check the IMO website at www. imo.org. 93 For further information, see document MSC 87/19/3. 94 S/RES/1918(2010), 27 April 2010. 95 For further information on the Djibouti Code of Conduct, see the Review of Maritime Transport 2009, page 135. 96 S/RES/1918(2010), 27 April 2010. See also the United Nations press release “Security Council suggests possible tribunals to deal with Somali piracy problem”. 97 These are Djibouti, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Kenya, the Marshall Islands, Norway, Somalia, and the United States. 98 These are IMO, UNODC, and the United Nations Country Team for Somalia. For more information, see United Nations press release “UN trust fund backs projects in fight against piracy off Somali coast”. 23 April 2010. 99 See “A message to the world’s seafarers”. Press briefing by IMO Secretary-General. 23 December 2009. 100 Article 8(3) of the Convention. 101 The ratifying States are the Bahamas, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Liberia, the Marshall Islands, Norway, Panama and Spain. For updated information on the status of the MLC convention, see www.ilo.org/ ilolex/cgi-lex/ratifce.pl?C186. 102 See: MLC to be ratified “by 2011”. Fairplay Daily News, quoting the director of ILO’s International Labour Standards Department. 2 July 2010. 103 Up-to-date and authoritative information on the status of international conventions is available from the relevant depository. For United Nations conventions, see the United Nations website at http://www.un.org/law. This site also provides links to a number of websites of other organizations, such as IMO (www.imo.org), ILO (www.ilo.org) and the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (www.uncitral.org), which contain information on conventions adopted under the auspices of each organization. Since the last reporting period, Albania, Benin, and Saint Kitts and Nevis have acceded to the International Convention on Maritime Liens and Mortgages, 1993. In addition, Benin has acceded to the International Convention on Arrest of Ships, 1999. 104 To find out more on the history and objectives of the negotiations, see the Review of Maritime Transport 2009, chapter 6, as well as information from WTO at http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tradfa_e/tradfa_e.htm. 105 The other topics of the Doha Round of trade negotiations are agriculture, services, market access for non-agricultural products (NAMA), balance between agriculture and NAMA, and trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights (TRIPS). 106 Special and differential treatment refers to provisions in the existing WTO agreements which allow developing countries to be treated differently, in particular with regard to exemptions from the most-favoured-nation principle, longer time periods for implementation, or exemptions from implementation.
7 REVIEW OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENTS IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC CHAPTER 7 This chapter follows up on the developments in international transport and trade in the Asia-Pacific region reported in the Review of Maritime Transport 2007. It examines regional developments from 2007 to 2009, and gives special consideration to landlocked developing countries in the region. In contrast with the last review period of 2004 to 2006, when economic growth and trade in the region were booming, the current review period is characterized by a downturn in economic growth and trade. Reflecting the wide geographical spread of the global economic crisis of late 2008 and subsequent recession, GDP growth in the Asia-Pacific region decelerated to 4 per cent in 2009, its lowest level in 8 years. Consequently, growth in international merchandise trade in the region decelerated in 2008, and trade volumes contracted in 2009 with merchandise exports falling at the double-digit rate of about 12 per cent. Container trade volumes on the trans-Pacific and the Asia–Europe trades plummeted in 2009 due to a sharp decline in developed countries’ import demand for consumer and manufactured goods – the main exports of the region – as did intra-Asian container volumes and the Asia-Pacific port container throughput. By mid-2010, economic indicators were showing a recovery in the region’s economic growth and trade, with some economies already displaying signs of a return to pre-crisis growth and export levels. However, the potential for recovery should be viewed with caution. Recovery is subject to the assumption that the world remains on the same stabilization path, that the region continues to experience strong domestic demand, that debt positions do not deteriorate, that commodity prices remain relatively stable, and that Asian policymakers continue to enact fiscal stimulus packages. In other words, recovery remains fragile and is subject to downside risks.
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United nations ConferenCe on trade
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ii NOTE Review of MARitiMe tRANspoR
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CoNteNts ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Revie
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CoNteNts 7. Review of regional deve
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CoNteNts 7.4. World’s 10 busiest
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CoNteNts ABBREvIATIONS AND EXPLANAT
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List of AbbReviAtioNs rta regional
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Vessel groupings used in the Review
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exeCUtive sUMMARy Freight rates 200
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2 A. World economic SituAtion And P
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4 - were surpassing the pre-crisis
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6 Table 1.2. Growth in the volume a
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8 remaining single-hull tankers, ev
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10 Table 1.4. World seaborne trade
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18 goods are mainly carried by cont
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20 Figure 1.6. Global container tra
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22 accounting for more than 50.0 pe
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26 per cent). Nevertheless, coal re
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28 information, see, for example, h
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30 a. structure of the world fleet
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32 carrying capacity of the 14,770
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34 Container production and leasing
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36 Table 2.5. Age distribution of t
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42 c. reGIstratIoN of shIPs 1. flag
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48 Country or territory of ownershi
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50 built 33 ships, mostly specializ
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52 Figure 2.9. Average age of broke
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54 Table 2.12. World tonnage on ord
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56 Figure 2.11 . World tonnage on o
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58 for operators. The world’s lar
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60 A notable exception to this has
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3 PRODUCTIVITY OF THE WORLD FLEET,
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CHapteR 3: pRoDUCtivitY of tHe woRL
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74 Introduction to freight rates Th
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76 Figure 4.1. Tanker freight marke
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78 in 2009 equated to approximately
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80 exporter, with an expected marke
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82 amounted to 32,594,000 tons in J
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84 Table 4.3. Dry cargo freight ind
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86 Table 4.4. Container ship time c
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88 Table 4.5. Freight rates (market
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Page 112 and 113: 94 A. port developments Container p
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Page 118 and 119: 100 Improvements in port performanc
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Page 122 and 123: 104 Table 5.6. Road transportation
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Page 126 and 127: 108 Table 5.8. Major world railway
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Page 134 and 135: 116 endnotes Review of MaRitiMe tRa
Page 136 and 137: 118 A. LEGAL ISSUES AND REGULATORY
Page 138 and 139: 120 Index (EEDI) and on the Energy
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Page 146 and 147: 128 unanticipated delays resulting
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Page 150 and 151: 132 more than 65 international labo
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statistical annex 191 Annex IV. UNC
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QUESTIONNAIRE Review of Maritime Tr
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