Review of Maritime Transport 2010 - Unctad

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146 Review of MaRitiMe tRanspoRt 2010 Table 7.2.(b) Growth rate of merchandise exports, Asian subregions (percentage change per year) East Asia a Exports a 2007 2008 2009 2010 c 2011 d China 25.8 17.6 -16.1 12.7 13.5 China, Hong Kong 8.9 5.6 -11.9 13.0 6.3 Republic of Korea 14.2 14.2 -13.7 12.0 11.0 Mongolia 26.3 29.9 -24.9 - - China, Taiwan Province of 10.1 3.4 -20.2 19.6 8.5 Central Asia and transition economiesb 33.1 25.5 -16.2 20.3 10.7 Armenia 16.7 -7.1 -35.0 5.2 11.8 Azerbaijan 63.4 43.8 -31.0 31.8 7.6 Georgia 25.3 16.3 -22.0 12.2 14.3 Kazakhstan 24.7 48.9 -38.9 29.9 12.8 Kyrgyzstan 47.7 38.1 -11.3 10.0 10.0 Tajikistan 10.0 -6.8 -1.4 8.8 10.4 Turkmenistan 33.8 26.8 8.0 45.6 - Uzbekistan 42.9 44.2 1.7 18.9 18.6 South Asia b Afghanistan 1.3 18.9 -2.4 - - Bangladesh 15.8 17.4 10.1 5.0 11.0 Bhutan 83.7 4.4 -23.8 - - India 28.9 13.7 -15.0 16.0 12.0 Maldives 1.2 45.2 -50.7 - - Nepal 2.6 9.3 -4.7 - - Pakistan 4.4 18.2 -6.4 -1.4 4.2 Sri Lanka 11.0 6.5 -12.9 5.0 15.0 South-East Asia b Brunei Darussalam 0.5 37.5 - - - Cambodia 10.7 15.1 -17.0 5.0 8.0 Indonesia 14.0 18.3 -14.4 10.8 9.2 Lao People’s Democratic Republic 16.6 24.1 -10.0 15.0 13.0 Malaysia 9.6 13.1 -21.1 11.0 8.5 Myanmar 23.9 15.5 4.8 9.0 12.0 Philippines 6.4 -2.5 -22.3 15.2 12.7 Singapore 10.1 13.0 -20.3 19.5 14.0 Thailand 18.2 15.9 -13.9 16.0 18.0 Viet Nam 21.9 29.1 -8.9 9.0 14.0 The Pacific b Cook Islands 35.7 -3.7 - - - Fiji Islands 9.0 20.4 -27.8 - - Kiribati 21.9 23.1 - - - Marshall Islands 31.2 21.4 - - - Source: Asian Development Bank. Asian Development Outlook 2010 (statistical appendix). Note: Data as reported in the balance of payments of each country. Exports are reported on a free-on-board basis. a International Monetary Fund (2010). April. b ESCAP (2010). Subregional weighted averages. For more information, see Economic and Social Survey of Asia and the Pacific 2010 available at http://www.unescap.org. c The 2009 figures are estimates and the 2010 figures are forecasts (made on 15 April 2010). d The 2011 figures are forecasts (made on 15 April 2010).
CHapteR 7: Review of ReGionaL DeveLopMents in asia anD tHe paCifiC 147 Table 7.3. Direction of exports (as a percentage of total exports) To Developing Asia China Japan United States European Union Others From 2000 2008 2000 2008 2000 2008 2000 2008 2000 2008 2000 2008 Central Asia 9.2 9.4 4.1 6.5 0.5 1.0 1.7 6.6 28.1 45.6 56.4 30.9 Armenia 7.8 9.7 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 12.6 5.0 36.9 54.2 42.5 30.9 Azerbaijan 7.1 12.6 0.3 1.0 0.0 0.3 0.5 12.5 63.6 56.0 28.6 17.5 Georgia 16.2 26.2 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.0 2.2 6.8 24.0 22.2 57.2 44.3 Kazakhstan 5.4 4.0 6.8 13.4 0.1 1.5 2.1 2.9 23.0 46.0 62.6 32.2 Kyrgyzstan 29.0 31.1 8.8 2.7 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.3 37.6 11.7 23.9 54.0 Tajikistan 16.5 8.5 0.4 5.6 - 0.0 0.1 0.0 30.1 41.9 52.9 43.9 Turkmenistan 6.4 7.6 0.3 0.3 - 0.0 0.5 1.4 21.5 27.0 71.3 63.8 Uzbekistan 23.6 22.1 0.5 4.3 3.2 4.1 1.5 3.8 26.8 10.4 44.3 55.3 East Asia 25.9 27.4 11.7 13.3 11.4 7.0 21.8 14.9 15.2 17.0 13.9 20.3 China 32.9 32.8 - - 16.3 8.0 20.4 17.3 16.1 20.1 14.3 21.8 China, Hong Kong 10.2 10.7 34.1 48.3 5.5 4.3 23.0 12.7 15.5 13.6 11.8 10.4 Republic of Korea 23.8 21.9 10.2 20.8 11.3 6.4 20.9 10.6 13.7 13.3 20.2 27.0 Mongolia 4.0 1.4 49.8 64.5 1.5 1.1 24.3 4.5 7.7 17.1 12.6 11.3 China, Taiwan Province of 38.2 30.1 2.9 26.2 11.2 6.9 23.6 12.0 15.2 10.7 8.8 14.1 South Asia 17.3 20.8 1.6 4.8 3.6 1.7 24.2 12.9 26.3 23.5 26.9 36.3 Afghanistan 46.0 55.1 3.4 0.5 0.3 0.1 1.9 16.5 35.3 12.8 13.1 15.0 Bangladesh 5.4 5.8 0.2 0.7 1.2 0.6 31.7 20.7 40.1 48.1 21.5 24.1 India 19.2 22.2 1.8 5.4 4.1 1.8 21.1 11.6 24.1 21.1 29.8 38.0 Maldives 32.0 48.0 - 0.7 4.1 2.7 44.0 1.9 18.5 42.6 1.4 4.1 Nepal 44.5 66.0 - 0.6 1.4 1.2 27.4 9.6 23.0 13.6 3.7 8.9 Pakistan 18.5 19.4 2.6 4.2 2.6 1.8 24.9 16.0 27.7 22.4 23.6 36.2 Sri Lanka 8.6 10.4 0.1 0.6 4.2 2.2 40.1 22.0 28.2 38.6 18.9 26.1 South–East Asia 37.4 41.8 3.7 8.8 12.6 10.5 18.2 10.4 14.4 11.5 13.7 17.0 Brunei Darussalam 36.2 44.0 1.8 0.7 40.7 40.4 12.0 1.0 3.6 0.2 5.8 13.6 Cambodia 8.2 10.1 2.1 0.8 0.9 2.6 65.4 54.3 20.5 22.8 2.9 9.4 Indonesia 33.1 38.1 4.2 8.1 22.1 19.2 13.0 9.1 13.7 10.7 13.7 14.9 Lao People’s Democratic Republic 43.4 54.9 1.5 8.4 2.8 1.0 2.2 2.5 26.0 11.2 24.1 22.0 Malaysia 40.3 41.4 2.9 9.2 12.3 10.4 19.5 12.1 13.3 10.9 11.7 16.0 Myanmar 35.2 74.1 5.6 8.7 5.4 4.3 22.0 - 16.4 3.7 15.5 9.1 Philippines 30.5 33.4 1.6 10.6 13.4 15.0 27.3 16.0 16.5 16.6 10.7 8.3 Singapore 44.1 51.7 3.8 9.0 7.3 4.9 16.7 7.0 13.5 10.2 14.7 17.2 Thailand 30.8 34.7 3.9 9.1 14.2 11.2 20.5 11.2 15.7 12.7 15.0 21.2 Viet Nam 25.8 22.6 10.3 7.1 17.2 13.4 4.9 18.6 20.0 16.9 21.9 21.5 The Pacific 11.2 14.3 5.2 5.8 10.3 8.1 5.3 2.6 11.1 9.1 56.9 60.1 Fiji Islands 14.3 16.4 0.0 0.1 4.1 4.1 21.1 15.2 16.5 12.8 44.0 51.5 Papua New Guinea 7.6 9.6 6.5 5.1 11.2 9.2 1.3 1.1 10.2 9.1 63.2 65.9 Samoa 18.1 11.5 0.1 1.4 0.3 0.5 10.6 2.8 3.0 0.3 67.9 83.5 Solomon Islands 42.3 23.4 12.0 48.1 20.7 2.7 0.7 0.4 10.6 9.6 13.6 15.8 Tonga 6.3 30.6 - 0.1 48.5 10.3 30.0 25.4 6.5 5.2 8.7 28.5 Vanuatu 60.7 88.1 0.4 0.1 18.7 5.9 9.7 0.3 5.7 2.7 4.8 2.9 Developing Asia 29.2 30.2 8.4 11.4 11.3 7.5 20.3 13.3 15.6 16.8 15.1 20.8 Source: : Asian Development Bank. Asian Development Outlook 2010 (statistical appendix).
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United nations ConferenCe on trade
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ii NOTE Review of MARitiMe tRANspoR
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CoNteNts ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Revie
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CoNteNts 7. Review of regional deve
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CoNteNts 7.4. World’s 10 busiest
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CoNteNts ABBREvIATIONS AND EXPLANAT
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List of AbbReviAtioNs rta regional
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Vessel groupings used in the Review
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exeCUtive sUMMARy Freight rates 200
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2 A. World economic SituAtion And P
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4 - were surpassing the pre-crisis
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6 Table 1.2. Growth in the volume a
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8 remaining single-hull tankers, ev
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10 Table 1.4. World seaborne trade
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12 Review of MaRitiMe tRanspoRt 201
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18 goods are mainly carried by cont
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20 Figure 1.6. Global container tra
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22 accounting for more than 50.0 pe
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26 per cent). Nevertheless, coal re
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28 information, see, for example, h
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30 a. structure of the world fleet
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32 carrying capacity of the 14,770
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34 Container production and leasing
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36 Table 2.5. Age distribution of t
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42 c. reGIstratIoN of shIPs 1. flag
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48 Country or territory of ownershi
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50 built 33 ships, mostly specializ
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52 Figure 2.9. Average age of broke
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54 Table 2.12. World tonnage on ord
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56 Figure 2.11 . World tonnage on o
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58 for operators. The world’s lar
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60 A notable exception to this has
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3 PRODUCTIVITY OF THE WORLD FLEET,
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CHapteR 3: pRoDUCtivitY of tHe woRL
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74 Introduction to freight rates Th
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76 Figure 4.1. Tanker freight marke
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78 in 2009 equated to approximately
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80 exporter, with an expected marke
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82 amounted to 32,594,000 tons in J
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84 Table 4.3. Dry cargo freight ind
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86 Table 4.4. Container ship time c
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88 Table 4.5. Freight rates (market
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90 Figure 4.6 . Quarterly average l
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94 A. port developments Container p
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Page 116 and 117: 98 Table 5.3. Average LSCI rankings
Page 118 and 119: 100 Improvements in port performanc
Page 120 and 121: 102 ore storage shed, two warehouse
Page 122 and 123: 104 Table 5.6. Road transportation
Page 124 and 125: 106 Figure 5.3. Trans-African highw
Page 126 and 127: 108 Table 5.8. Major world railway
Page 128 and 129: 110 Table 5.8. Major world railway
Page 132 and 133: 114 Table 5.13. Extent of physical
Page 134 and 135: 116 endnotes Review of MaRitiMe tRa
Page 136 and 137: 118 A. LEGAL ISSUES AND REGULATORY
Page 138 and 139: 120 Index (EEDI) and on the Energy
Page 140 and 141: 122 (ii) Another proposal, which hi
Page 142 and 143: 124 basic approval to a further eig
Page 144 and 145: 126 Businesses that are awarded the
Page 146 and 147: 128 unanticipated delays resulting
Page 148 and 149: 130 participants from developing co
Page 150 and 151: 132 more than 65 international labo
Page 152 and 153: 134 C. THE WTO NEGOTIATIONS ON TRAD
Page 154 and 155: 136 ENDNOTES Review of MaRitiMe tRa
Page 160 and 161: 142 A. ECONOMIC SItuAtION ANd PrOSP
Page 162 and 163: 144 Table 7.1. Asia-Pacific economi
Page 166 and 167: 148 share of exports to developing
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Page 170 and 171: 152 Table 7.7. Container port throu
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Page 176 and 177: 158 Box 7.1. The ASEAN Single Windo
Page 178 and 179: 160 certificates of origin (fig. 7.
Page 180 and 181: 162 Figure 7.8. A snapshot of tradi
Page 182 and 183: 164 Figure 7.11. Number of days nec
Page 184 and 185: 166 Box 7.3. Lessons learned from a
Page 186 and 187: 168 has hit Asian countries and sub
Page 189 and 190: statistical annex I. Classification
Page 191 and 192: statistical annex 173 Annex I. Clas
Page 193 and 194: statistical annex 175 Annex I. Clas
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Page 203 and 204: statistical annex 185 Annex III. (b
Page 205 and 206: statistical annex 187 Annex III. (b
Page 207 and 208: statistical annex 189 Annex IV. UNC
Page 209 and 210: statistical annex 191 Annex IV. UNC
Page 211 and 212: QUESTIONNAIRE Review of Maritime Tr
Page 213: for further information on UnCtad
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