Review of Maritime Transport 2010 - Unctad

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vi Review of MARitiMe tRANspoRt 2010 2.12. World tonnage on order, 2000–2009 ............................................................................................ 54 2.13. Representative newbuilding prices in selected years .................................................................. 56 2.14. Second‑hand prices for five‑year‑old ships, 2000–2008 .............................................................. 57 3.1. Cargo carried per deadweight ton (dwt) of the total world fleet, selected years ......................... 64 3.2. Estimated productivity of tankers, bulk carriers and the residual fleet, selected years ............... 65 3.3. Impact of slow steaming (2008–2010) on ton‑miles per deadweight ton (dwt) by size of container ships ............................................................................................................. 66 3.4. Tonnage oversupply in the world merchant fleet, selected years ................................................ 67 3.5. Analysis of tonnage surplus by main type of vessel, selected years ........................................... 67 3.6. Maritime engagement of 25 major trading nations, 2009 data (trade) and beginning of 2010 data (fleet) ...................................................................................................... 70 4.1. Tanker freight indices, 2008–2010 ................................................................................................ 75 4.2. Tanker market summary: clean and dirty spot rates, 2008–2010 ................................................ 77 4.3. Dry cargo freight indices, 2007–2010 ........................................................................................... 84 4.4. Container ship time charter rates ................................................................................................. 86 4.5. Freight rates (market averages) per TEU on the three major liner trade routes .......................... 88 4.6. Liner freight indices, 2007–2010 ................................................................................................... 89 4.7. World container fleet .................................................................................................................... 91 5.1. Container port traffic for 65 developing economies: 2007, 2008 and 2009 ................................. 95 5.2. Top 20 container terminals and their throughput for 2007, 2008 and 2009 ................................. 97 5.3. Average LSCI rankings of country groups, 2010 .......................................................................... 98 5.4. Average of maximum vessel sizes, by country grouping, in 2010 ............................................... 99 5.5. Average number of companies providing services per country, in 2010 ..................................... 99 5.6. Road transportation systems of the world’s top 25 economies, 2008 ......................................... 104 5.7. Compound growth rates in transport ........................................................................................... 107 5.8. Major world railway systems ........................................................................................................ 108 5.9. Gauge breaks on the Trans‑Asian Railway ................................................................................... 111 5.10. Rail transport as a portion of total national transport, in several economies ............................... 111 5.11. Modal split of inland freight transport: the share of rail, road and inland waterway transport in total inland transport .................................................................................................. 112 5.12. Freight transport via inland waterways ........................................................................................ 113 5.13. Extent of physical transportation systems in the world’s top economies, in 2008 ...................... 114 7.1. Asia‑Pacific economic growth, 2007–2010 .................................................................................. 144 7.2.(a) Growth rate of merchandise exports ............................................................................................ 145 7.2.(b) Growth rate of merchandise exports, Asian subregions .............................................................. 146 7.3. Direction of exports ...................................................................................................................... 147
CoNteNts 7.4. World’s 10 busiest ports ............................................................................................................ 150 7.5. Ports previously in the top 10 that have lost rank since 2006 ................................................... 150 7.6. Ports that have gained rank since 2006 .................................................................................... 151 7.7. Container port throughput in selected countries of Asia and the Pacific .................................. 152 7.8. Comparative table of Asian liner shipping companies, 2004–2010 .......................................... 153 7.9. Merchant fleets of the world, by country group, flag of registration and type of ship .............. 154 7.10. Merchant fleet by flag of registration, for selected Asian countries .......................................... 156 Figure 1.1. (a) World GDP growth, 2004–2010, selected countries ................................................................. 3 1.1. (b) Indices for world GDP, the OECD Industrial Production Index, world merchandise trade and world seaborne trade, (1990–2010) ................................................................................... 4 1.2. International seaborne trade, selected years ............................................................................ 9 1.3.(a) World seaborne trade, by country group and region, 2009 ...................................................... 12 1.3.(b) Developing countries’ seaborne trade, selected years ............................................................ 13 1.4.(a) Steel consumers and producers in 2009 .................................................................................. 14 1.4.(b) Major bulks: iron ore importers and exporters in 2009 .............................................................. 15 1.4.(c) Major bulks: coal importers and exporters in 2009 .................................................................. . 16 1.4.(d) Major bulks: grain importers and exporters in 2009 .................................................................. 17 1.5. Indices for global container, tanker and major dry bulks volumes, 1990–2010 ........................ 18 1.6. Global container trade, 1990–2010 ........................................................................................... 20 1.7. Oil and natural gas: major consumers and producers, 2009 .................................................. 24 2.1. World fleet by principal vessel types, selected years ................................................................ 31 2.2. Geared and gearless fully cellular container ships by year of build .......................................... 32 2.3. World Container fleet ................................................................................................................. 34 2.4. Container prices ......................................................................................................................... 35 2.5. Age distribution of the world merchant fleet, by vessel type, as of 1 January 2010 ................. 38 2.6. Major countries of ownership and their flags of registration, 2010 ........................................... 45 2.7. Major open and international registries and the countries of ownership, 2010 ........................ 45 2.8. Deliveries of newbuildings in the main shipbuilding countries, 2009. ....................................... 51 2.9. Average age of broken‑up ships, by type, 1998 to 2009 .......................................................... 52 2.10. Tonnage reported sold for demolition in the main ship breaking countries, 2009 ................... 53 2.11. World tonnage on order, 2000–2010 ......................................................................................... 56 3.1. Tons carried per deadweight ton (dwt) of the world fleet, selected years ................................. 65 3.2. Trends in surplus capacity by main vessel types, selected years ............................................. 68 3.3. Growth of demand and supply in container shipping, 2000–2010 ........................................... 69 vii
Page 1 and 2: United nations ConferenCe on trade
Page 3 and 4: ii NOTE Review of MARitiMe tRANspoR
Page 5 and 6: CoNteNts ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Revie
Page 7: CoNteNts 7. Review of regional deve
Page 11 and 12: CoNteNts ABBREvIATIONS AND EXPLANAT
Page 13 and 14: List of AbbReviAtioNs rta regional
Page 15 and 16: Vessel groupings used in the Review
Page 17: exeCUtive sUMMARy Freight rates 200
Page 20 and 21: 2 A. World economic SituAtion And P
Page 22 and 23: 4 - were surpassing the pre-crisis
Page 24 and 25: 6 Table 1.2. Growth in the volume a
Page 26 and 27: 8 remaining single-hull tankers, ev
Page 28 and 29: 10 Table 1.4. World seaborne trade
Page 30 and 31: 12 Review of MaRitiMe tRanspoRt 201
Page 36 and 37: 18 goods are mainly carried by cont
Page 38 and 39: 20 Figure 1.6. Global container tra
Page 40 and 41: 22 accounting for more than 50.0 pe
Page 44 and 45: 26 per cent). Nevertheless, coal re
Page 46 and 47: 28 information, see, for example, h
Page 48 and 49: 30 a. structure of the world fleet
Page 50 and 51: 32 carrying capacity of the 14,770
Page 52 and 53: 34 Container production and leasing
Page 54 and 55: 36 Table 2.5. Age distribution of t
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40 Review of MaRitiMe tRanspoRt 201
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42 c. reGIstratIoN of shIPs 1. flag
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48 Country or territory of ownershi
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50 built 33 ships, mostly specializ
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52 Figure 2.9. Average age of broke
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54 Table 2.12. World tonnage on ord
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56 Figure 2.11 . World tonnage on o
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58 for operators. The world’s lar
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60 A notable exception to this has
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3 PRODUCTIVITY OF THE WORLD FLEET,
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CHapteR 3: pRoDUCtivitY of tHe woRL
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74 Introduction to freight rates Th
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76 Figure 4.1. Tanker freight marke
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78 in 2009 equated to approximately
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80 exporter, with an expected marke
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82 amounted to 32,594,000 tons in J
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84 Table 4.3. Dry cargo freight ind
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86 Table 4.4. Container ship time c
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88 Table 4.5. Freight rates (market
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90 Figure 4.6 . Quarterly average l
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94 A. port developments Container p
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98 Table 5.3. Average LSCI rankings
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100 Improvements in port performanc
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102 ore storage shed, two warehouse
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104 Table 5.6. Road transportation
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106 Figure 5.3. Trans-African highw
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108 Table 5.8. Major world railway
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110 Table 5.8. Major world railway
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114 Table 5.13. Extent of physical
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116 endnotes Review of MaRitiMe tRa
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118 A. LEGAL ISSUES AND REGULATORY
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120 Index (EEDI) and on the Energy
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122 (ii) Another proposal, which hi
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124 basic approval to a further eig
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126 Businesses that are awarded the
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128 unanticipated delays resulting
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130 participants from developing co
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132 more than 65 international labo
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134 C. THE WTO NEGOTIATIONS ON TRAD
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136 ENDNOTES Review of MaRitiMe tRa
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142 A. ECONOMIC SItuAtION ANd PrOSP
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144 Table 7.1. Asia-Pacific economi
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148 share of exports to developing
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150 busiest seaports In 2009, the 1
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152 Table 7.7. Container port throu
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156 Table 7.10. Merchant fleet by f
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158 Box 7.1. The ASEAN Single Windo
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160 certificates of origin (fig. 7.
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162 Figure 7.8. A snapshot of tradi
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164 Figure 7.11. Number of days nec
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166 Box 7.3. Lessons learned from a
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168 has hit Asian countries and sub
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statistical annex I. Classification
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statistical annex 173 Annex I. Clas
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statistical annex 175 Annex I. Clas
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statistical annex 177 Annex II. Wor
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statistical annex 179 Annex III. (a
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statistical annex 185 Annex III. (b
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statistical annex 187 Annex III. (b
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statistical annex 189 Annex IV. UNC
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statistical annex 191 Annex IV. UNC
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QUESTIONNAIRE Review of Maritime Tr
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