THE BEGINNING OF MUSLIM HISTORICAL RESEARCH*

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6. See the Futdr@ for O. !khmollet. 1- in which he had out- tbe fund.ment& of suth historical principles. Hi new work comprising many volumm "Vom chkklkh Wmlar" now provides the material fw futura sttucture. 7. C.H. Bsckar rtw with Leone Cactani ldvnnces the thesis that this movement &the - hmb wu due to the gradual drying-up of their land and the famine amneckd with; this view is, to say the Iwt, very one-sided. [Cf. C.H. Beck-, Islomrtdkn, vol. 1 (Leipzig, 1924). pp. 7 ff. and 69 8.1 Et the case of Islamic history in polrticular, ane cm recognize how one-sided is Karl Marx's economic interpretation of history. 8. Of course. this is not to betaken to belittle the importance of foreign influenceson .Islamic sciences; it is beyond all doubt that people belo* to the ancient civili- zations who had been conmted to Islam made the greatest contribution to scientific pursuits and that the ricnti6c systems of Muslims, specially the natural sciences and philosophy, contain many foreign elements. But it will be a travesty of truth, if people deny the existence of an independent and original Islamic culture. which d&opcd gradually from the teachinip of the Prophet and which like other cultures absorbed and tdormed the foreign elements. 9. Ct A.Von Krcmcr, Kultwrgchichte oks Orients unter den h%&$en, (Vienna. 1877). vol. VI, pp. 415. 10. It is published in two vols. by F. Whznfeld (Wttingen, 1858). German translation is by G. Weil. (Stuttgart, 1864). 1 1. M.J. de Goeje in "Kultur &r Gegenwart " 1, 7, Literatures of the Orient, Leipzig Berlin 1925, p. 161. Cf. for example, also NGldeke's examination of the Syriac sources in the Zcitschri/t &r Deutschen Morgenlondbchen Gesel&cha/r, Vol. 29 (Leipzig, 1876). pp. 76 ff. 12. Cf. Otto Loth : Dm klaumbueh &s Ibn Sdd (Leipzig: 1869). See also the same auth- or's (Ursprung und Bedcutung der Tobrrqdt. i.e., the Book of CIauu) in the Z.D.M.G. vol. 23 (Leipzig: 1869). pp. 593 ff. This book was edited and published in nine vol- umes under the auspices of the Prussian Academy of Sciences by Edward Sachay in collaboration with maw other scholars. (Leiden: 1904-1921). 14 parts. 13. Quoted in M.J. De Goeje, op. cit.. p. 162. 14. See M.J. Geje, op. wit.. P. 161. 15. Ibn Qutayba, ErrSbal-Ma*ri/. ed. by F. Wustenfeld (Gsttingen. 18H)), p. 3. 16. A von Kremer. op. cir., p. 420. 17. M.J. de Goeje, p. 161. 18. Al-Bakdhuri. "Fut* aI-Bum-n". Arabic Text published by M.J. de Goeje, (Leiden. 1886). Two vols. of the German translation have so far been published by 0. Rcscher (Leipzig, 1917-1923). An English translation appeared in 2 volum*, by P.K. Hitti and Fr. Black Margotten, (New York. 19161924). (Studies in History, Economics. and Public Law. edited by the Faculty of Political Science of Columbia University. volume 68). 19. Adam Metz. Die Renabsame dm Islm, (Heidelberg, (1922) -
<strong>MUSLIM</strong> <strong>HISTORICAL</strong> RESEARCH 1 I 20. Iba Widib al -Ya8qObi. Ta'rlkh, 2 vds. edited by M. Th.H outsr~ (Lei&en. 1883). 21 At-TM, TaHkh aycltusd Wa0CMrclJk, published by MJ. & Ooejc in coll.borrtim with other scholus. 13 vok. (Leiden, 1879-1898). n. in the Mdjadh-Dkahab, edited and tr. by Barbier de Meynord and PPwt & Courteilk, 9 vds. (Faris. 1861 -1877). and his Ki~b at-T4h mrr'l-Ishrbf: translated into F d by Corra de Vaux (Paris, 1896). 23. Ibn Miakawayh'r history, edited by Leoae Cactani, vds. 1. 5 and 6. (London 1909-1913). Gibb Munorial series, vol. 7). Trl~13phtor's Notes (A) Ibn Khaldiin (732-80811332-1406), Abfi Zaid Wali'uddin 'Abdur RahmBn; al-Zirekli, Q h h al-A'lh, IV, 106107; 'Umar RaQB KahGla, Mu'jam a1 Mu'alliffn, V, 188-191; XIII, 296; Hasan Saab, "Ibn Khaldiin" in Encyclopedia of Philosophy, IV, 107-109. Selected Bibliography by Walter J. Fischel in the English trans. of Ibn Khaldfin's Mu@dima by Franz Rosenthal, 111, 485-512; H.K. Sherwani, "Ibn Khaldiin and his Politico-Economic Thought" in the Islamic Culture (Hyderabad) (April. 1970), 71-80; F. Gabrieli, "I1 Concetto della 'q~abiyya nel pensiero storico di Ibn Khaldiin" in LaIslam nella Storia, 21 1-252; Buddha Prakash, "Ibn Khaldiin's Philosophy of History", in the Islamic Culture, (Oct. 1954), XXVIII, No. 1,412-508; Muhammad Mahmiid Rabi', The Political Theory of Ibn Khaldiin (1967), pp. IX + 178; C.J. Blacker and Salih H. Alich, International Bibliography of the History of Religions (1970), 94-95. C. Brockelmann, Geschichte Der Arabischen Litteratur, 11, 3 14- 17 ; S 11, 342-44. A. Zeki Velidi Togan, Tarihte U~iil, 142, 146, 155, 157-70; 172, 205. S. Dabydeen, "Ibn Khaldiin: An Interpretation", Islamic Quarterly, (1969), XIII, 2, 79-101. S. Pines, "Ibn Khaldiin and Maimonides", a comparison between two texts in the Studia Islamica, J. Schacht Memorial volume, 11, 265-274; F. Wlistenfeld, Die Geschichteschreiber der Araber und Ihre Werke, No. 456, 26-31. For Ibn Khaldfin's classification of sciences see G. Anawati, "Science" in the Cambridge History of Islm, 11, 745-46. An abridged Hebrew trans. of the Mugaddma has been published by Immanuel Koplewitz, Sijre Mofet mi-Sijiut ha-'Olam, pp. 407;
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THE BEGINNING OF MUSLIM HISTORICAL RESEARCH*

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