THE BEGINNING OF MUSLIM HISTORICAL RESEARCH*

Ishica, V, 4 (1968), 197-211; Mohammad Arkiin, "Introduction A
La Pensee Islamique Classique", in Cahiers D' Histoire Mondial, XI,
4, 585; Alfred Guillaume, "Apostolic Tradition" in IslZm (Penguin, 1966)
88-1 10, discusses the relationship between Yudith and Fiqh, (full of hostile
criticism); I. Goldziher, Mohammadar~ische Studien, 11; Eng. tr. Mwlim
Studies, 11, 420 (earliest critical study of uadfth by a European); at-Thii
nawf, Karhshdf Istil&it al-Fun&, I, 279-28 1. A. Guillaume, The Tradi-
tions ofIslam, pp. 184; Th. W. Juynbul, @adis, Isl. Ans. V, 47-54; Maam-
mad Hamfdulliih, "Early History of the Compilation of Badith" in Islamic
Literature, (1966), XII/3, 5-9 (discusses the value and importance of the
$&Tfa Hmmiim ibn Munabbih, compiled in the early thirties of thesecond
century of the Hijra). Two recent studies by two Arab Muslim scholars
may be mentioned here; Subhias-$abih, 'Uliim al-Hadith Wa mq{&dtuhd
(1965), pp. 447 and 'Abdul Rdque Nawfal, al-Isliim wa 'Ilm al-fladith,
(1965) pp. 244. Naji Ma'riif has studied the influence of the @adith on
the origin of history writing among the Muslims; see al-Aqkim, 11, 9
(Baghdad, 1966), 116-149; al-Khatib al-Baghdidi, al-KijZya or La Trans-
mission ecrite du fladith, critical edition by Yiisuf aLbIshsh, pp. 199. A
good number of Abiidith have been interpreted and commented upon by Ibn
Furak in his Kit& Mushkil al-Hadith (1362. A.H.), pp. 214. Collections
of Hadith over and above the SiMb Sitta (Six Authentic Collections) and
books concerning the sciences of Hadfth are legion but one of the important
works in the latter category may be mentioned here i.e. 'Uliim al-@adith
or the Muqaddima of Ibn a$-$al&h on which some commentaries were
written. A. al-Magri, "An Introduction to the Study of the Traditional
Criteria used in the Criticism of uadfth", Ph. D. Thesis, Cambridge 1958-
59; M. Yiisufuddin, "Pre-Bukhiri Hadith Literature" in the Proceedings
(1970), 357-361; 'Abdug $amad $grim al-Azhari, Tdlrira'i Risdlat in the
Tarjwniin al-fladith, UrdD (Lahore, Jan. 1970), I, 17-19. It contradicts
the statement that Hadith was recorded in writing two centuries after the
death of the prophet and mentions some compilations made in the first
century like the Muwa{{a', of Im3m Mak, $abl$a of 'Ali and $&$a Abiidith
of Anas ibn Mdik. See also the articles of Yiifiz Muhammad GondiM
in the Tajumiin al-Yadith, published in the different issues of 1970. J.
Robson, fladith, Encyclopedia of Islam, newed. 111, 23-28 (contains good
bibliography); Mubarnmad Mugtafa A'qami, Studies in Early ~ d t h
Literature with a criticaledition of some early texts (1 968). Ahmad ash-
Sharbasi, A& al-Abiidith al-Qudriyah, which contains selections from
the major works of tradition published by the Govt. of the UAR, I