THE BEGINNING OF MUSLIM HISTORICAL RESEARCH*
THE BEGINNING OF MUSLIM HISTORICAL RESEARCH*
THE BEGINNING OF MUSLIM HISTORICAL RESEARCH*
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<strong>MUSLIM</strong> <strong>HISTORICAL</strong> RESEARCH 23<br />
'Ilm at-Ta'rlkh 'ind al-'Arab, 270-91 ; F. Wiistenfeld, Die Geschichteschreiber<br />
der Araber und Ihre Werke. No. 47, 16; G. Brockelmann, "al-Madii'-<br />
ini" in The Encyclopedia of Islam (I), 111,81-82. See D.S. Margoliouth's<br />
study of al-Madii'inI, Arabic Historians, 85-92; C. Brockelmann, GAL,<br />
SI. 214-215 and U.R. Kahhda, loc. cit., record the date of his death as<br />
2341849 and 2251840 respectively. As K-iila's foot-note indicates that<br />
there is a wide difference in the original sources regarding the exact date<br />
of his death. They range from 215 to 228 A.H. Only one of his monogra-<br />
phs Kitdb al-MurdzjZt min Quraysh or 'On Qurayshite Women who had more<br />
than one Husband' ed. and published by 'Abd as-Saliim M. Hlriin,<br />
Nawdir al-MakhCu{dt. (1370/1951), I, 57-80, show genealogical interest.<br />
F. Rosenthal, A History of Muslim Historiography, 69-70. D.S. Margo-<br />
liouth, Arabic Historians, 85-91 gives the English translation of all the titles<br />
of his works recorded in original sources but they are not available. D.M.<br />
Dunlop, Arab Civilisation to AD 1500, 84. An important historian,<br />
Hisham ibn Muhammad ibn al-Sayyib al-Kalbi (d. ca. 206. A.H.) may<br />
be considered to belong to the school of al-Madl'in?.<br />
(Q) The Islamic state in the middle of the 8th century A.D ex-<br />
tended from the borders of China in the east to the shores of the Atlantic<br />
Ocean in the west and from Asia Minor in the north to the Arabian Sea<br />
in the south covering vast areas of Europe, Asia and Africa. The annual<br />
pilgrimage to Mecca increased the Muslims' thirst for knowledge about<br />
other countries which resulted in their wanderlust. It is true that they<br />
travelled mainly in the Islamic world but they also visited the "foreign"<br />
countries. The eight volumes of the Arabic geographical works edited by<br />
M.G. De Goeje and published under Bibliotheca Geographonun Arabi-<br />
corum bear ample evidence to the vast and varied knowledge the Muslims<br />
possessed about the then world. This literature has been thorouglily<br />
studied by I.U. Krachkovski, Istoria Arabskoi Geograicheskoi Literatury<br />
(1957) tr, into Arabic as Ta'rikh al-Adab al-Jughrdfi al-'Arabi by Sallh-<br />
uddin 'Uthmln Hashim, 2 vols. (1963-65). Andre Miquel has also studied<br />
the Arabic geographical literature in La Geographie Humaine Du Monde<br />
Musulman Jusqu'au Milieu Du XIe Siecle (1967), pp. 420. S.M. Ziauddin<br />
'Alawi, Arab Geography in the Ninth and the Tenth Centuries (1965), pp.<br />
134. J.H. Kramers, "Djughrafiya" in the Encyclopedia of Islam. Suppl.<br />
vol. 61-73; S. Maqbiil Ahmad and Fr. Taeschner, Djughrdiya, Encyclo- .<br />
pedia of Islam, new ed. 11, 575-90.<br />
(R) Al-Baladhuri (d., 279/892), Ahmad ibn Y*y& ibn Jfibir ibn