THE BEGINNING OF MUSLIM HISTORICAL RESEARCH*

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(1969). M. I$aq, India's Contribution to the Study of gadith Literature, pp. 270. (H) Ibn Hisham (d. ca. 218/833), Abii Muhammad 'Abdu'l-Malik ibn Hisham ibn Ayyiib; W. Montgomery Watt, "Ibn Hisham" in the Encyclopedia of Islam, new ed. 111,800-801 ; Jean Sauvaget/Claude Cahen, Introduction to the History of the Muslim East, 116; Eng. tr. of his SZrd by Alfred Guillaume, The Life ofM&ammad with introduction and notes; A.L. Tibawi, The Life of M&ammad; A critique of A. Guillaume's English translation of the S~rci, The Islamic Quarterly. 111, No. 3, 196-2 14. Joseph De Somogyi, "The Development of Arabic Historiography" in the Journal of Semitic Studies (1958) 111, 373-87; C. Brockelmann, Geschichte Der Arabischen Litteratur, I, 141 ; Studia Islamica, 206-207;'Umar Rada Kahhda, Mu'jum a1 Mu'allifin, Tanijim Mqannafi al-Kz~tub al- 'Arabiya, VI, 192; &Zirekli, Al-A'kim, Qcimiis Tarcijim. IV, 214. Over and above the edition of his Szra by F. Wustenfeld (original 3 vols editionpublished in 1859, reprint in 1961) there is also a fairly reliable edition by Mu~fafii as-Saqqa and others, published at Cairo. Ibn Syed an-Nas, 'Uyiin al-Athar fi funiin al-Maghrizi wash-Shamci'il was-Siyar. 2 vols. F. Wustenfeld, Die Geschichteschreiber der Araber und Ihre Werke, no 48, 16; Abii Dhar, Commentary on Ibn Hisham's Biography of Muhammad, Arabic text ed. by P. Bronnle, 2 vols. (Cairo, 1911 ; repr. London, 1969). Ibn Hisham is not noticed by 'A.'A. ad-Diiri in his Bdthfi Nash'at 'Ilm at-Ta'rikh 'ind al-'Arab. M.A.H. 'Azziim, A Critical Study of the Verse Content of the Sira of Ibn Hisham, London University Ph. D thesis, 1952-53; D.M. Dunlop, Arab Civilisation to AD 1500, 72-74; Al-Zirekli (loc. cit.) notes the difference regarding the date of his death. (I) Ibn Ish5q (d. 151/768), Muhammad ibn Ishiiq ibn Yasar al- Muffalibi; 'Umar Rada Kahhiila, Mu'jum al-Mu'allifin, IX, 44-45; Al- Zirekli, AI-A'liim, VI, 252; C. Brockelmann, Geschichte Der Arabischen Litteratur, 1, loc. cit.; SI, 205-206. 'Abdu'l 'Aziz ad-Diiri, Bdth fiNash'at 'Ilmat-Ta'rikh 'indal-'Arab. 168-86; W. Montgomery Watt, "The Materials used by Ibn Ishiiq" in Historiansof the Middle East, 23-24. J.M.B. Jones. "Zbn Zshaq," Encyclopedia of Zslum, new ed. 810-1 1 (good bibliography); Jean Sauvaget/Claude Cahen, Introduction to the History of the Mmlim East, 116. Alfred Guillaume, "A Note on the Sira of lbn Ishaq" in the Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 1956, XVIII/I, 1-4. J. Fiick, Mz4bammadbin Is&, (1923); James Robson, "Ibn Ishaq's use
<strong>MUSLIM</strong> <strong>HISTORICAL</strong> RESEARCH of the ZsnW in Bulletin of the Jolui Ryl& Library, vol. 38, No. 2, (March, 1956). F. Wiistenfeld, Die Geschichteschreiber &r Araber und Ihre Werke, No. 28,s. As regards the reporters of Muhammad ibn Ishaq see A. Fischer, Biographien von Gewahrsmannern desZbn IsbCq hauptsachlich aus adh-Dhahabi, pp. XVIII + 116 and Zeitschrift &r Deutschen Morge- nlandischen Gesellschaft. XLJV, 401-444. Gordon D. Newby, "An Example of Coptic Literary Influence on Ibn Ishaq's Sira, in the Journal of Near Eastern Studies, (Jan. 1972) XXXI, 1, 22-28. D.M. Dunlop, loc. cit. It is understood that the original Siru of Ibn Ishaq has been found and M. Hamidullih of Paris is editing it under the auspices of the Government of Morocco; see Isliim aur 'A$r-i-Jadid, Urdii Quarterly (New Delhi. 1969), vol. 111, 51 note I. (J) Al-Waqidi (130-2071747-823), Abii 'Abdullah, Maammad ibn 'Umar ibn Waqidi al-Aslami; al-Zirekli, AI-A'lh, VII, 200-201 ; U.R. Kahhala, Mujbm a1 Mu'allifin, XI, 95-97 (with bibliography). George Sarton, Introduction to the History of Science, I, 541, 523; F. Rosenthal, A History of Muslim Historiography, passim; ad-Diiri, Bdth fi Nash'at 'Zh at-Ta'rikh 'ind al- 'Arab, 187-206; C. Brockelmann, Geschichte Der Arabischen Litteratur, I, 141-42. His KitCb al-MaghCzi was published by Alfred von Kremer at Calcutta in 1856. Its reprint was published at Cairo in 1948. A critical edition has been published recently by Marsden Jones (1968), 3 vols. His Futiib ash-ShCm was edited by W. Nassau Lees, 2 pts (1 854) and Futiih Mi~r was edited by Kabiruddin Ahmad (1861). J.M.B. Jones, "The Chronology of the MaghGzi - A Textual Survey" Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 1957, XIXI2 245-280; F. Wiistenfeld, Die Geschichteschreiber der Araber undIhre Werke, No. 43; 11-1 4; J. Horowitz, "al-Wakidl," in the Encyclopedia of Islam (I), IV, 11041 105. D.S. Margoliouth, Arabic Historians, 92-95. For arguments and opinions for and against al-Wiqidi's reliability see D.M. Dunlop, Arab Civilisation to AD 1500, 73-79. It is stated that there is a MS. of al- Waqidi's Kit& ar-Rirtda in the Bankipore Library, Patna. Claude CahenlJean Sauvaget think that the various accounts of the conquests circulated in thename of al-Wiqidi "are fictitious works of a later date", Introduction to the History of the Muslim East, 123. The present translator is in fullagreement with this opinion but D.S.Margoliouth states, Arabic Historians, 95,". . . the judgements of Muslim authorities on his work, though by no means unanimous, are in the majority of cases favourable". The text of his Futi3 ash-ShCm (1854) is in the process of
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THE BEGINNING OF MUSLIM HISTORICAL RESEARCH*

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