Coach and Athlete Burnout - West Virginia University

that allow for its process to occur, prompting subsequent research to follow similar
designs (Bakker, Schaufeli, Sixma, Bosveld, & Van Dierendonck, 2000).
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While the MBI has been used with research in the sport environment, some have
cautioned about extending its use beyond the helping professions it was originally
constructed for (Raedeke et al., 2002). Inventories have been constructed since the MBI
that deal with burnout in an athletic context. Fender (1988) constructed a modified
version of the MBI adapted for sport, known as the Sport Adaptation of the Maslach
Burnout Inventory (SAMBI)
The items of the original MBI were modified to reflect sport situations. The
revised inventory was finalized and administered to collegiate athletes to assess its
psychometric integrity. Internal consistency was established for the emotional
exhaustion subscale. However, the depersonalization and personal accomplishment
subscales did not achieve either significance or the necessary criterion value. External
reliability was established for all three subscales using a test-retest procedure and Pearson
Product Moment correlation. Validity analyses suggested that the three factors
accounting for about one-half of the total variance represented emotional exhaustion,
depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. There were several items that on the
MBI, did not identify with its equivalent factor of the SAMBI. As a result, it was
suggested to exert caution when interpreting the validity of this sport-revised version.
Future research could test the SAMBI with a larger population and spanning a greater
demographical area.
A more recent, sport specific inventory was presented by Raedeke and Smith
(2001). The authors formulated the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire in stages and around a