Coach and Athlete Burnout - West Virginia University

Burnout 13
The second stage (Raedeke & Smith, 2001) of inventory construction attempted to
further assess the psychometric properties of a revised version of the burnout
questionnaire. In addition, the authors attempted to establish convergent validity by
examining correlation coefficients with related burnout constructs, such as motivation,
stress, and coping. The authors also attempted to reduce the number of items assessing
each dimension to five and to better fit the swimming context. Five additional face-valid,
trial items were also included in case some of the core items failed to load significantly
on their respective subscale. Again, swimmers from USA Swimming served as
participants. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the revised items loaded with
significance to the appropriate subscale and the Cronbach’s alpha for each dimension was
above .80 and was deemed a good fit for the data. Two items were replaced with trial
items due to a cross-loading with the other dimensions which strengthened the
psychometric properties of the subscales. There were no indications of the reduced sense
of accomplishment scale splitting in two factors as in the first stage. Construct validity
was demonstrated as burnout scores showed a positive and moderate relationship with
stress and amotivation measures. Further, low to moderate negative relationships were
found between burnout scores and social support, enjoyment, and intrinsic motivation
measures (Raedeke & Smith, 2001).
The third stage (Raedeke & Smith, 2001) involved assessing the generalizability
of the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire to other sport settings and giving further attention
to its psychometric properties. Participants were collegiate athletes in basketball, cross-
country, soccer, softball, tennis, track and field, and volleyball. The term “swimming”
was replaced with “sport,” and “swim” with “perform” on the 15-item questionnaire.