MRP

Effort
(2) effort; (3) comfort; (4) safety; (5) cost;
hot environments. (Bigazzi et al., 2022)
heat on physical activity relates more to
Weather patterns influence the inclination
and (6) presence of bicycle parking. There
Additionally, factors like the adjacency of
their physical fitness and general health
of residents to use active travel for
is also evidence that points to a correlation
fast-moving traffic, large and unprotected
levels than their age. Ensuring that the
commuter or leisure purposes. (An et al.,
between the amount of mixed-uses (living,
junctions, and the quality of roads
built environment safely and comfortably
2019; Pearson et al., 2022) To what extent
shopping, fitness, education, office, etc.)
increased stress and decreased comfort.
invites active travel throughout the stages
is lesser known, but the definitively exists
and the likelihood that residents walk or
Emphasising stress reduction for bicyclists
of a person’s life can benefit their ability
and is important in understanding how
cycle between these destinations. (Saelens
and pedestrians in the context of PSC
to combat heat stress later in life. By
to construct environments conducive
et. al., 2003; Pucher & Buehler, 2006)
measurements – among other factors – can
providing adequate mid-route and end-
to healthier, cheaper, socially beneficial,
assist in understanding how to increase the
of-trip facilities and a functional network
financially stable, and more climate-friendly
The rise of eBikes and microtransit offer
share of residents who use these modes as
of shaded infrastructure, active travel –
modes of travel. Existing literature focuses
the potential to attract an increase in active
active travel rather than cars.
including eBikes and microtransit – can
extensively on climates that are normally
travel for users who emphasise effort as
mitigate the perceived and actual barriers
much cooler than the temperatures,
a large barrier. Particularly within hotter
A disconnected bicycle network
associated with comfort regarding active
humidity, and conditions found in places
climates, those that experience extreme
decreases user comfort level. Intersection
travel. (Pearson et al., 2022)
closer to the equator. (Pucher & Buehler,
heat, and built environments with long
design and perceived safety also play roles
2006)
distances between uses, reducing the
in residents’ decisions to cycle or walk.
Bringing together these five different
amount of effort required to use a bicycle to
(Buehler & Dill, 2016) According to Bigazzi
barriers, four strategies are created that
Perceived distances play a role in peoples’
get from point A to point B, in conjunction
et al. (2022), bicyclists travelling at high
look to address the biggest physical,
perceptions of effort as a barrier to bicycling.
with other efforts, can help mitigate
speeds, pedestrian and bicyclist safety, and
mental, and social issues people face when
(Manaugh et al., 2016) However, there is
the perceived obstacles associated with
path capacity all decreased user comfort.
bicycling or thinking about bicycling:
strong evidence that significant latent
exertion in these climates. (Pucher &
demand exists for trips less than 2.5km
Buehler, 2006; Noland, 2021
Hot weather can deter young bicyclists
1. “Nudge” aims to visualise the alternative
– especially within the context of sprawling
as they age to and through puberty as
to car-centric environments.
built environments like those found in
Comfort
social pressures change and increase.
2. “Incentivise” brings together policy
many American cities and suburbs. (Krizek
Perception of Safety and Comfort
Hygiene and personal appearance play
and design to give people valid and
et al., 2009; Butterworth & Pojani, 2018)
(PSC) is a measurement focused on the
increasingly prominent roles in these
attractive reasons to bicycle.
Additionally, in Manaugh et al.’s study
perceived, relative safety and comfort
demographics’ lives, and excessive heat
3. “Dedicate Infrastructure” provides
(2016), distance was found to be the “second
associated with bicyclists’ and pedestrians’
can create complicated circumstances
residents of all ages the physical means
least important barrier” – after cost – out of
built environments. Extreme heat can
for young bicyclists. According to Sun et.
to actually bicycle for commutes, leisure,
the six most-commonly cited barriers by
increase physiological stress on active
al (2021), older demographics’ sensitivity
or local trips.
residents surveyed in Montreal: (1) distance;
travellers and decrease PSC in car-centric,
to heat stress and the impacts of intense
4. “Facilitate” attempts to fulfill the needs
of active travel in extreme heat.
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