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EVENTS Challenging Assumptions AGF report challenges festival carbon impact assumptions SUSTAINABILITY NOT for profit A Greener Future (formerly A Greener Festival) has release new insight into festival carbon footprints. Key findings revealed audience travel contributed on average to 41% of the carbon footprint when a more complete account of ‘Scope 3’ emissions (see table) is included. When including wider travel such as production, traders and artists, travel and transport represents closer to 58%, with food and drink responsible for an average 34% of a festival’s carbon footprint. Audience travel is commonly stated as 80% or more of a festival’s carbon footprint, however most studies omit impacts of food and drink, materials purchased or trader “FOCUS FOR EVENT SUSTAINABILITY IS OFTEN ON WASTE, CUPS, AND AUDIENCE TRAVEL. WHILST CLEARLY IMPORTANT, THIS IS A NARROW VIEW MISSING BROADER IMPACTS” travel. In some cases, production and artist travel are also missing from the picture. The AGF Festival Carbon Footprint report reveals that when accounting for more complete emissions sources the breakdown is more nuanced, with many emissions generated as a result of production and planning decisions, rather than through audience travel choices alone. AGF CEO Claire O’Neill said: “We love festivals, their contribution to culture and their potential to show alternative ways of living. It’s important to have a fuller picture to understand their carbon footprints. Focus for event sustainability is often on waste, cups, and audience travel. Whilst clearly important, this is a narrow view missing broader impacts. This can delay important decisions at the planning and design stage, such as moving away from animal and other high impact food and drinks.” 66 WWW.OPENAIRBUSINESS.COM
EVENTS KEY FINDINGS › Audience travel represents the largest source of emissions, contributing to 41% of the average festival footprint › Wider travel including artists, production and traders represents on average 58% of emissions › Average emissions per person per day at a festival were found to be 11kg CO2e › Food and drink represents over one third (34%) of average festival emissions. This is significantly reduced at events that have adopted plant-based policies › Waste disposal, water use and sewage treatment account for only 4% of average footprint. However, these create other impacts on biodiversity, local ecosystems and resource consumption, which carbon analysis alone can overlook. › Energy use represented nearly 1.5% of average footprint, due to high adoption of biodiesel HVO and electrification by events analysed. Average energy emissions more than triple when conventional diesel is used › The analysis is based on festivals and events already taking significant sustainable actions and therefore may be representative of best practice events. GETTY IMAGES BROAD AVERAGES Authors note that broad carbon footprint averages, whilst popular, should be treated with caution as disparity between the variety of festivals is significant. For instance, audience travel emissions ranged from around 20% to 75% of a festival’s footprint, depending on scale, location and nature of the event. Accuracy and the ability to identify further improvements will become easier as more events collect this type of information. The report highlights that carbon footprints do not provide insight into other impacts such as light or noise pollution, direct habitat disturbance or pollution on site, which require biodiversity and environmental impact assessments. It also shows potential for time spent at a festival to create fewer emissions than time spent at home, with a comparison of emissions per person at festivals against average national emissions per resident – an area for further research. For the next phase of this study AGF invites interested industry groups, festivals and sustainability organisations to collaborate with shared information, for a clearer picture for the festival and events sector as a whole. The full report can be downloaded from www.agreenerfuture.com/ carbonimpactsassessment NOTES The AGF Festival Carbon Footprint study is based on data from 17 festivals around Europe and the UK, including 15 with detailed carbon analysis from AGF, or verified through the AGF Assessment Framework and Certification, plus two publicly available festival carbon footprint reports. Festivals were only included if they had robust emissions data for Scope 1 and Scope 2 (direct) and a minimum of six out of eleven Scope 3 (indirect) emissions sources, including audience travel and food (see table). AGF follows the Greenhouse Gas Protocol Accounting and Reporting Standard and ISO 14064:1 for quantifying and reporting emissions. The emissions sources considered are detailed in the table. Scope Scope 1 Scope 2 Scope 3 Activity › Static Fuel Use › Electricity Use › Audience Travel Name (generators, special › Artist Travel and Accomodation effect gas,...) › Production and Third Party Travel › Staff and Crew Travel › Owned or Leased › Food and Drink Mobile Fuel Use and › Purchased Materials and Supplies Vehicles inc. Serveware › Waste › Water Use and Wastewater ABOUT AGF AGF is a not-for-profit company committed to helping events, festivals and venues around the world adopt environmentally efficient practices. AGF provide certification, education and training, consultancy, resources and green riders, facilitating the exchange of good ideas. It shares information about how environmentally efficient methods are currently being employed at events and how the impact on the environment can be limited at future events. It also offers independent assessment and verification of events’ sustainability claims through the AGF Awards for festivals, venues, tours and events. www.agreenerfuture.com WWW.OPENAIRBUSINESS.COM 67
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