Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3472

444 Wolfgang Prenninger, Mohammad El-Ramly, and Marc Horstmann
The partners in a conference change dynamically, as users are allowed to join and
leave a conference. Multiple conferences can exist at the same time, but a user
can participate only in one conference at a time. This experiment [BFdV + 99] is
one of a few benchmarking experiments done to compare model-based testing
tools using the conference protocol [BFdV + 99, HFT00, dBRS + 00]. A summary
of these experiments is introduced in Sec. 14.3.2.
Operating Systems and Language Specifications In these applications [FHP02],
model-based testing was applied to automatically generate test cases for parts of
the Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) System API and Java exception
handling standards. POSIX defines an operating system interface and environment
based on UNIX operating system. This interface supports application
portability at the C language source level. The operational behavior of the Java
exception handling facility is part of the Java language specification [GJS97].
In both case studies, the available specification of the standard (POSIX System
API and Java) was an English language document, with some diagrams and tables.
This document specifies the valid stimuli to the software and its excepted
responses.
Smart Cards Smart cards are becoming increasingly popular and used in telephones,
transportation, banking, and healthcare transactions, and so on. A smart
card is basically a one-chip computer with microprocessor, RAM, ROM, EEP-
ROM, a serial interface for communication with a terminal, e.g., an ATM or a
cellular phone, and possibly a coprocessor for cryptography operations. Smart
card applications are command-driven. The card processor reads a command
from its input channel, executes it and transmits the response via its output
channel.
A number of studies on model-based testing for smart card applications were
conducted with documented success. For example, in [CJRZ01], a study on automated
test generation for a feature of the CEPS e-purse specifications is reported.
CEPS (Common Electronic Purse Specification) is a standard for creating interoperable
multi-currency smart card e-purse systems [CEP00]. It was developed
by the leading smart card industry players to leverage existing investments by
making use of the banks’ current payment infrastructure.
In [PPS + 03], a case study was performed on the WAP Identity Module
(WIM), which is used in the wireless access protocol extension of the GSM
standard [CEP95] for cellular phones to provide transport level security, digital
signatures and, in general, public key cryptography. The WIM is deployed as a
smart card application. Both the CEPS and WIM specifications are written in
English language.
15.4 Building an Abstract Model of the SUT
This section is an overview of the different methods used for abstracting the SUT
into a test model. Obviously, abstraction methods vary depending on whatever