Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3472

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658 Index – iterative refinement, 381 – real time system, 360 – TTS, 368 test case generator, 608 test case specification, 608 test context, 609 test data, 607 test driver, 357 – hybrid system, 359 – real-time system, 359 test evaluation – overview, 442 test execution, 608 – overview, 442 test generation – overview, 441 test generator, 356 – hybrid system, 359 – real-time system, 358 test instantiation – overview, 441 test model, 356, 444 – abstract, 441 – hybrid system, 358 – real-time system, 358 test monitor, 356 – hybrid system, 359 – real-time system, 359 test oracle, 357 – hybrid system, 359 – real-time system, 359 test procedure, 356 test process, 244 – fully probabilistic, 245 – Markovian, 247 – non-probabilistic, 245 – probabilistic, 245 test purpose, 607 test run, 194 test sequence, 218 test specification – case studies, 448 – functional, 447 – overview, 441, 447 – stochastic, 448 – structural, 448 test suite, 356, 607 test system, 465, 481, 608 test system configuration, 471 test tool – AGEDIS, 417, 427 – AsmL, 412 – autofocus, 406 – autolink, 431 – conformance kit, 408 – cooper, 414 – GATeL, 402 – lurette, 399 – lutess, 394 – PHACT, 409 – STG, 424 – testcomposer, 417, 429 – TGV, 417 – TorX, 420 – TVEDA, 410 test tree, 374 test verdict, 357 – failed, 357 – inconclusive, 357 – passed, 357 test view, 368, 369 testable timed transition system, 225, 368 testcomposer, 429 testing, 356, 528, 608 testing context refinement, 334 testing preorder, see preorder testing scenario, 118, 124, 127 TGV, see test tool, 445, 450 the current set, 52 the initial set, 52 theorem prover, 324, 325, 328, 331, 337 – automated, 324 – interactive, 325 – semi-automated, 325 theorem proving, 325, 336 time domain – dense, 358, 371, 375 – discrete, 358, 360 timed automaton, 360, 371 – UPPAAL, 222, 368 – deterministic, 204 – ERA, 372 – safety, 203 – semantics, 203 – syntax, 202 – TTS, 368 timed communicating sequential processes, 360
timed transition system, 223, 360, 367 timing annotation, 213 tool – CADP, 417, 423 – IF compiler, 419 – lite, 417 – LTSA, 423 – OMEGA, 426 – smile, 423 – SPIN, 423 – trojka, 423 – UMLAUT, 419 TorX, see test tool, 446 trace, 128, 174 – extended, 267 – finite, 236, 238 – infinite, 238 – probabilistic, 265 trace distribution, 239 trace distribution precongruence, 269 trace distribution preorder, 269 trace equivalence, 616 trace preorder, see preorder transferring sequence, 409 transformative system, 384 transition cover set, 94 transition function – büchi automaton, 559 – deterministic finite-state automaton, 558 transition tour, 92, 408 trojka, see tool TTCN-2, 431, 465 TTCN-3, 465 TTS, 223, 360, 367, 368 TTTS, 368 TVEDA, 410 Index 659 UIO sequence, 69, 409 UIO Testing Method, 98 UIO tree, 79, 80 UML, 376, see specification language UMLAUT, see tool unified modeling language, 376 uniformity hypothesis, 325, 336 UNIX, 444 UPPAAL automaton, 368 valid input, 44 valid input sequence, 45 validation, 608 value domain – dense, 358, 375 – discrete, 358, 360, 371 verdict, 609 verification, 608 – assertion, 530 – run-time, 526 verilog, 442, 445 VHDL, 410, 442, 445 WAP, 444 WCET, 383 weak bisimulation, see bisimulation weak until, 563 weight function, 236 white-box test, 356 white-box testing, 339, 609 word, 558 – timed, 204 worst-case execution time, 383 Yuri Gurevich, 412 Z, 345
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Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3
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Volume Editors Manfred Broy Martin
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VI Preface The last part of the boo
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VIII Contents 13 Real-Time and Hybr
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2 Part I. Testing of Finite State M
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1 Homing and Synchronizing Sequence
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s2 a/1 1 Homing and Synchronizing S
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1.3.2 Computing Synchronizing Seque
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A1 A2 Bad 1 Homing and Synchronizin
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36 Moez Krichen b/1 a/0 s1 b/1 a/1
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38 Moez Krichen Now, even for minim
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40 Moez Krichen the algorithms for
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42 Moez Krichen ∀ s, s ′ ∈ S
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44 Moez Krichen In this proposition
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46 Moez Krichen Proposition 2.6. If
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48 Moez Krichen Algorithm 5 Checkin
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50 Moez Krichen (5) Edges emanating
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52 Moez Krichen graph of this machi
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54 Moez Krichen v12 v6 v11 1 I = {s
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56 Moez Krichen B of π, a is a-val
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58 Moez Krichen I = {s1, s2, s3, s4
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60 Moez Krichen Definition 2.19. A
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62 Moez Krichen Algorithm 7 Computi
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64 Moez Krichen Algorithm 8 Computi
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66 Moez Krichen The two authors als
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3 State Verification Henrik Björkl
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a/1 s1 s3 b/1 a/1 b/1 a/0 s2 s4 3 S
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3 State Verification 73 Thus (s, Q)
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3 State Verification 75 0, and x ca
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s1 s3 a/0 b/0 a/1 s2 s4 3 State Ver
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3.4.2 Naik’s Algorithm 3 State Ve
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s1 s2 s3 s1 s3 s3 a/0 a/0 s1 s2 s3
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3 State Verification 83 Since the m
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3 State Verification 85 x = a1a2 ..
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4 Conformance Testing Angelo Gargan
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4 Conformance Testing 89 the test u
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4 Conformance Testing 91 state. For
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4 Conformance Testing 93 This check
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s1 s1 a b s2 s2 a b s3 4 Conformanc
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4 Conformance Testing 97 Using a Q
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4 Conformance Testing 99 this case
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4.4.5 Cost and Length 4 Conformance
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t τ (t,si−1) x τti−1 ,si si
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si 1 2 w1 t i w 2 3 a: in MS si 1 w
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4 Conformance Testing 107 ti = δ(s
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4 Conformance Testing 109 Example.
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4 Conformance Testing 111 • If on
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114 Part II. Testing of Labeled Tra
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5 Preorder Relations ∗ Stefan D.
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5 Preorder Relations 119 power of r
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5 Preorder Relations 121 To summari
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5 Preorder Relations 123 Two import
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∧ ⊥⊤ ⊥ ⊥⊥ ⊤ ⊥⊤
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5 Preorder Relations 127 Definition
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5 Preorder Relations 129 For one th
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5 Preorder Relations 131 We close t
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s a b t 5 Preorder Relations 133 y
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5 Preorder Relations 135 (1) p ⊑m
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a p ′ τ b p ′′ τ τ a a b 5
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5 Preorder Relations 139 It should
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coin coin e c coin coin τ 5 Preord
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5 Preorder Relations 143 for free.
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5 Preorder Relations 145 condition
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5 Preorder Relations 147 ⊑←→
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5 Preorder Relations 149 The utilit
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152 Valéry Tschaen The labels repr
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154 Valéry Tschaen Intuitively, th
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156 Valéry Tschaen Definition 6.2.
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158 Valéry Tschaen By this theorem
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160 Valéry Tschaen The test suite
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162 Valéry Tschaen each sequence (
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164 Valéry Tschaen and B2 are LOTO
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166 Valéry Tschaen 6.4.2 The CO-OP
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168 Valéry Tschaen a τ q0 τ τ q
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170 Valéry Tschaen Concerning the
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7 I/O-automata Based Testing Machie
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7 I/O-automata Based Testing 175 th
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7 I/O-automata Based Testing 177 in
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7 I/O-automata Based Testing 179 sp
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7 I/O-automata Based Testing 181 na
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7 I/O-automata Based Testing 183 Un
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7 I/O-automata Based Testing 185 We
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7 I/O-automata Based Testing 187 fa
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7 I/O-automata Based Testing 189 Th
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7 I/O-automata Based Testing 191 Ac
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7 I/O-automata Based Testing 193 vi
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7 I/O-automata Based Testing 195 De
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7 I/O-automata Based Testing 197 To
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7 I/O-automata Based Testing 199 In
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8 Test Derivation from Timed Automa
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s0 on, true, {c} off , c =5, ∅ 8
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8.3 Testing Event Recording Automat
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[s1, z], z = con < 5, 8 Test Deriva
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Ψ(S ′ )={PE ′ | E ′ ∈ 2E(S
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{s0}, p0 p0 : tt 8 Test Derivation
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s0 c = ∞ 8 Test Derivation from T
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Example. The Light Switch can be de
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��s0� ,c=0.0 s0 en, on, {c :=
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��s0� ,c=0 s0 8 Test Derivati
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234 Verena Wolf to probabilistic tr
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236 Verena Wolf • A finite trace
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238 Verena Wolf (a, 0.2) v1 sP (a,
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240 Verena Wolf 1 2 sP a b µ λ 1
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242 Verena Wolf (a, 1 4 ) (a, 1 4 )
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244 Verena Wolf 9.6 Test Processes
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246 Verena Wolf We present two appr
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248 Verena Wolf specification proce
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250 Verena Wolf sP (τ, 1 1 ) (c, 3
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252 Verena Wolf sP (a, 1 1 ) (a, 2
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254 Verena Wolf v1 u1 w1 1 2 sP λ
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256 Verena Wolf • P ⊑ must JY Q
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258 Verena Wolf u1 s M ′ 1 (a, r1
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260 Verena Wolf Proposition 9.22. L
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262 Verena Wolf Now let Q min be th
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264 Verena Wolf (8) (⊑BC , ⊑CH
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266 Verena Wolf is that an action a
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268 Verena Wolf can perform τ-tran
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270 Verena Wolf T np,re seq ⊑ tr
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272 Verena Wolf t2 t4 a sT t1 b b t
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274 Verena Wolf model test processe
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Part III Model-Based Test Case Gene
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Part III. Model-Based Test Case Gen
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282 Alexander Pretschner and Jan Ph
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11 Evaluating Coverage Based Testin
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12 Technology of Test-Case Generati
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Increment ∆Counter 12 Technology
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(12.4) ✟ nat(X ′ ) {A/0, B/X
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a: b: (6) α1+1−α2 α2 a: b: PC:
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12.5 Summary 12 Technology of Test-
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13 Real-Time and Hybrid Systems Tes
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Test Driver SUT 13 Real-Time and Hy
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fitness 13 Real-Time and Hybrid Sys
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13.5 Summary 13 Real-Time and Hybri
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390 Part IV. Tools and Case Studies
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392 Axel Belinfante, Lars Frantzen,
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440 Wolfgang Prenninger, Mohammad E
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Part V Standardized Test Notation a
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466 George Din inter-operability te
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468 George Din • Tabular Presenta
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470 George Din 16.3.1 Test Building
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472 George Din Abstract Test System
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474 George Din field can be marked
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476 George Din • omit: the value
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478 George Din altstep Default() ru
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480 George Din alt { [] httpPort.re
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482 George Din • Test Management
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484 George Din Value Type getType()
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486 George Din This task is rather
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488 George Din hosts, of preparing
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490 George Din A B C D MEM = 256 MB
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492 George Din A hardware load moni
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494 George Din ptcType2 ptcType3
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496 George Din communicate with the
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498 Zhen Ru Dai U2TP document is no
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500 Zhen Ru Dai state machines, sta
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502 Zhen Ru Dai TestResult TestCase
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504 Zhen Ru Dai can be mapped to JU
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506 Zhen Ru Dai 17.4 Test Developme
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508 Zhen Ru Dai Slave: Master: SRI
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510 Zhen Ru Dai sa: Slave− Appli
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512 Zhen Ru Dai sdConnect_To_Master
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514 Zhen Ru Dai BluetoothUnitTest
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516 Zhen Ru Dai is returned to the
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518 Zhen Ru Dai (1) /* test configu
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520 Zhen Ru Dai (1) /* test case */
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Part VI Beyond Testing This last pa
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526 Séverine Colin and Leonardo Ma
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19 Model Checking Therese Berg 1 an
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19 Model Checking 559 The first sta
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19 Model Checking 561 function I :
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coffee coin tea 19 Model Checking 5
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AX (φ) :=¬EX (¬φ) AF (φ) :=Atr
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19 Model Checking 567 Another appro
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19 Model Checking 569 has a transit
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19 Model Checking 571 The alternati
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19 Model Checking 573 Obviously the
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19 Model Checking 575 purposes ther
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19 Model Checking 577 otherwise it
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19 Model Checking 579 Expanding a P
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19 Model Checking 581 We conduct an
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• SA ⊆ Σ ∗ is a nonempty fin
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19 Model Checking 585 When OT is cl
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19 Model Checking 587 • se = s
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19 Model Checking 589 the new colum
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19 Model Checking 591 Henceforth th
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19 Model Checking 593 DT , the tran
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19 Model Checking 595 queries. At t
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19 Model Checking 597 Assistant 4.
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19 Model Checking 599 have created
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19 Model Checking 601 Logic (see Se
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Page 599 and 600: 612 Bengt Jonsson a/0 b/0 b/1 s2 s4
Page 601 and 602: 614 Bengt Jonsson of input symbols
Page 603 and 604: 616 Joost-Pieter Katoen The followi
Page 605 and 606: 618 Literature [AFH94] Rajeev Alur,
Page 607 and 608: 620 Literature [BCMD90] J. R. Burch
Page 609 and 610: 622 Literature [BRV95] Ed Brinksma,
Page 611 and 612: 624 Literature [CL97a] Duncan Clark
Page 613 and 614: 626 Literature [DGNP04] Z. R. Dai,
Page 615 and 616: 628 Literature [FHP02] Eitan Farchi
Page 617 and 618: 630 Literature [GL02] Hubert Garave
Page 619 and 620: 632 Literature [Hib61] Thomas N. Hi
Page 621 and 622: 634 Literature [HR01b] Klaus Havelu
Page 623 and 624: 636 Literature [KKL + 01] M. Kim, S
Page 625 and 626: 638 Literature [LPY97] Kim Guldstra
Page 627 and 628: 640 Literature [Müh97] H. Mühlenb
Page 629 and 630: 642 Literature [Pha93] M. Phalippou
Page 631 and 632: 644 Literature [RdBJ00] V. Rusu, L.
Page 633 and 634: 646 Literature [Sch00] Johann M. Sc
Page 635 and 636: 648 Literature [SVG02] S. Schulz an
Page 637 and 638: 650 Literature [Vas73] M. P. Vasile
Page 639 and 640: Index =⇒ , 175 ioco, 187 ioconf,
Page 641 and 642: homing sequence, 8 - adaptive, 8, 2
Page 643: eset sequence, see synchronizing se
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