Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3472

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654 Index conditional, 340 conformance, 609 conformance kit, 408 conformance testing, 72, 87, 119, 145 conjunctive normal form, 26 consistent, 583 constraint graph, 360 constraint logic programming, 344, 451 continuous-time Markov chain – action-labeled, 242 control path, 338 Cooper, see test tool coverage – all definition uses paths, 301 – all definitions, 300 – all uses, 300 – boundary interior, 296 – branch, 297 – condition, 298 – decision, 297 – decision condition, 298 – full predicate, 299 – modified condition decision, 298 – multiple condition, 298 – path, 296 – required k-tuples, 301 – transition, 296 coverage criteria – control flow, 297 – data flow, 297, 299 CTL, 564 current state uncertainty, 10, 613 current uncertainty, 43 derived transition system, see labeled transition system deterministic, 612 deterministic finite-state automaton, 558 DFA, 558 digital signal processing, 443 directable automaton, see synchronizing sequence directing word, see synchronizing sequence discrete partition, 44 discrimination tree, 589 disjointness, 332 distinguishing sequence, 70, 100 distinguishing trace, 213 distribution, 236 divergence-free, 235 dom, 213 e-purse, 444 embedding, 243 empty word, 558 equivalent, 612 ERA, 371, 372 ETS, 480 Euler tour, 92 event clock, 205 event recording automaton, 205, 371 evolutionary algorithm, 382 – exit test, 382 – fitness evaluation, 382, 384 – individual, 382 – multimodal function, 382 – population, 382 – stoppage criterion, 384 – unimodal function, 382 evolutionary testing, 381 evolving algebra, 412 exhaustive, 194 external trace inclusion, 179 failure trace preorder, see preorder fair computational tree logic, 565 fair preorder, 180 fair testing, see preorder fault detection, 87 fault-based heuristic, 332 finite automata intersection, 28, 48 finite state machine – binary transition tree, 536 finitely-branching, 235 flogsta, 9 flow graph, 299 FSP, see specification language functional, 608 GATeL, 402 genesys, 446, 451 genetic algorithms, 84 GOTCHA, 445, 450 – GDL, GOTCHA definition language, 445, 446 hennessy-milner logic, 565 HML, 131, 565
homing sequence, 8 – adaptive, 8, 21 – algorithm for adaptive, 21–22 – algorithm for general mealy machines, 19–21 – algorithm for minimized mealy machines, 12–14 – length of adaptive, 21 – of minimal length, 22–27 homing tree, 24 hybrid automaton, 375 – CHARON, 376 – event, 376 – flow condition, 376 – HybridUML, 376 – initial condition, 376 – invariant, 376 – jump condition, 376 hybrid system, 355, 375 – hybrid automaton, 375 identification set, 97 IF, see specification language image-finite, 123 implementation relation – conf, 415 – ioco, 417, 420 – ioconf, 424 implementation under test, see IUT implication graph, 56 init, 175 initial state – büchi automaton, 559 – deterministic finite-state automaton, 558 initial state uncertainty, 10, 613 initial uncertainty, 43 initializable automaton, see synchronizing sequence initializing word, see synchronizing sequence input output automaton, 176 input output refusal preorder, 186 input output state machine, 177 input output symbolic transition system, see IOSTS input output testing relation, 184 input output transition system, 178 interaction – k-dr, 301 intv, 213 invalid, 44 IOLTS, 418 IOLTS, an input output labeled transition system, 445 IOSTS, 424, 446 IUT, 609 java, 444 – exception handling, 444, 446 – language specification, 444 kripke structure, 560 KS, 560 Index 655 label, 577 labeled transition system, 120, 174, 615 – derived transition system, 121 – with divergence, 121 language – timed, 204 learning – invaraint detection, 548 – learner, 576 – program synthesis, 548 – teacher, 576 letter, 558 linear temporal logic, 562 lite, see tool literal, 25 loop, 340 LOTOS, see specification language, 445, 446 LTL, 562 LTSA, see tool lurette, 399 lustre, 395 lutess, 394 MµALT, 443, 445 machine verification, 87 MAY preorder, 183 mealy machine, 611 merging sequence, 15 modal mu-calculus, 566 model, 339, 608, 609 model checking, 325 – adaptive, 599 monitor, 609 MSC, see specification language
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Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3
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Volume Editors Manfred Broy Martin
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VI Preface The last part of the boo
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VIII Contents 13 Real-Time and Hybr
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2 Part I. Testing of Finite State M
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1 Homing and Synchronizing Sequence
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s2 a/1 1 Homing and Synchronizing S
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1.3.2 Computing Synchronizing Seque
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A1 A2 Bad 1 Homing and Synchronizin
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36 Moez Krichen b/1 a/0 s1 b/1 a/1
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38 Moez Krichen Now, even for minim
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40 Moez Krichen the algorithms for
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42 Moez Krichen ∀ s, s ′ ∈ S
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44 Moez Krichen In this proposition
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46 Moez Krichen Proposition 2.6. If
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48 Moez Krichen Algorithm 5 Checkin
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50 Moez Krichen (5) Edges emanating
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52 Moez Krichen graph of this machi
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54 Moez Krichen v12 v6 v11 1 I = {s
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56 Moez Krichen B of π, a is a-val
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58 Moez Krichen I = {s1, s2, s3, s4
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60 Moez Krichen Definition 2.19. A
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62 Moez Krichen Algorithm 7 Computi
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64 Moez Krichen Algorithm 8 Computi
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66 Moez Krichen The two authors als
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3 State Verification Henrik Björkl
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a/1 s1 s3 b/1 a/1 b/1 a/0 s2 s4 3 S
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3 State Verification 73 Thus (s, Q)
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3 State Verification 75 0, and x ca
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s1 s3 a/0 b/0 a/1 s2 s4 3 State Ver
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3.4.2 Naik’s Algorithm 3 State Ve
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s1 s2 s3 s1 s3 s3 a/0 a/0 s1 s2 s3
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3 State Verification 83 Since the m
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3 State Verification 85 x = a1a2 ..
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4 Conformance Testing Angelo Gargan
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4 Conformance Testing 89 the test u
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4 Conformance Testing 91 state. For
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4 Conformance Testing 93 This check
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s1 s1 a b s2 s2 a b s3 4 Conformanc
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4 Conformance Testing 97 Using a Q
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4 Conformance Testing 99 this case
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4.4.5 Cost and Length 4 Conformance
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t τ (t,si−1) x τti−1 ,si si
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si 1 2 w1 t i w 2 3 a: in MS si 1 w
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4 Conformance Testing 107 ti = δ(s
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4 Conformance Testing 109 Example.
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4 Conformance Testing 111 • If on
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114 Part II. Testing of Labeled Tra
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5 Preorder Relations ∗ Stefan D.
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5 Preorder Relations 119 power of r
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5 Preorder Relations 121 To summari
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5 Preorder Relations 123 Two import
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∧ ⊥⊤ ⊥ ⊥⊥ ⊤ ⊥⊤
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5 Preorder Relations 127 Definition
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5 Preorder Relations 129 For one th
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5 Preorder Relations 131 We close t
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s a b t 5 Preorder Relations 133 y
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5 Preorder Relations 135 (1) p ⊑m
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a p ′ τ b p ′′ τ τ a a b 5
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5 Preorder Relations 139 It should
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coin coin e c coin coin τ 5 Preord
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5 Preorder Relations 143 for free.
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5 Preorder Relations 145 condition
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5 Preorder Relations 147 ⊑←→
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5 Preorder Relations 149 The utilit
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152 Valéry Tschaen The labels repr
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154 Valéry Tschaen Intuitively, th
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156 Valéry Tschaen Definition 6.2.
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158 Valéry Tschaen By this theorem
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160 Valéry Tschaen The test suite
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162 Valéry Tschaen each sequence (
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164 Valéry Tschaen and B2 are LOTO
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166 Valéry Tschaen 6.4.2 The CO-OP
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168 Valéry Tschaen a τ q0 τ τ q
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170 Valéry Tschaen Concerning the
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7 I/O-automata Based Testing Machie
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7 I/O-automata Based Testing 175 th
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7 I/O-automata Based Testing 177 in
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7 I/O-automata Based Testing 179 sp
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7 I/O-automata Based Testing 181 na
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7 I/O-automata Based Testing 183 Un
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7 I/O-automata Based Testing 185 We
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7 I/O-automata Based Testing 187 fa
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7 I/O-automata Based Testing 189 Th
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7 I/O-automata Based Testing 191 Ac
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7 I/O-automata Based Testing 193 vi
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7 I/O-automata Based Testing 195 De
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7 I/O-automata Based Testing 197 To
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7 I/O-automata Based Testing 199 In
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8 Test Derivation from Timed Automa
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s0 on, true, {c} off , c =5, ∅ 8
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8.3 Testing Event Recording Automat
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[s1, z], z = con < 5, 8 Test Deriva
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Ψ(S ′ )={PE ′ | E ′ ∈ 2E(S
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{s0}, p0 p0 : tt 8 Test Derivation
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s0 c = ∞ 8 Test Derivation from T
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Example. The Light Switch can be de
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��s0� ,c=0.0 s0 en, on, {c :=
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��s0� ,c=0 s0 8 Test Derivati
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234 Verena Wolf to probabilistic tr
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236 Verena Wolf • A finite trace
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238 Verena Wolf (a, 0.2) v1 sP (a,
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240 Verena Wolf 1 2 sP a b µ λ 1
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242 Verena Wolf (a, 1 4 ) (a, 1 4 )
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244 Verena Wolf 9.6 Test Processes
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246 Verena Wolf We present two appr
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248 Verena Wolf specification proce
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250 Verena Wolf sP (τ, 1 1 ) (c, 3
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252 Verena Wolf sP (a, 1 1 ) (a, 2
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254 Verena Wolf v1 u1 w1 1 2 sP λ
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256 Verena Wolf • P ⊑ must JY Q
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258 Verena Wolf u1 s M ′ 1 (a, r1
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260 Verena Wolf Proposition 9.22. L
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262 Verena Wolf Now let Q min be th
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264 Verena Wolf (8) (⊑BC , ⊑CH
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266 Verena Wolf is that an action a
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268 Verena Wolf can perform τ-tran
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270 Verena Wolf T np,re seq ⊑ tr
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272 Verena Wolf t2 t4 a sT t1 b b t
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274 Verena Wolf model test processe
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Part III Model-Based Test Case Gene
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Part III. Model-Based Test Case Gen
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282 Alexander Pretschner and Jan Ph
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11 Evaluating Coverage Based Testin
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12 Technology of Test-Case Generati
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Increment ∆Counter 12 Technology
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(12.4) ✟ nat(X ′ ) {A/0, B/X
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a: b: (6) α1+1−α2 α2 a: b: PC:
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12.5 Summary 12 Technology of Test-
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13 Real-Time and Hybrid Systems Tes
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Test Driver SUT 13 Real-Time and Hy
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fitness 13 Real-Time and Hybrid Sys
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13.5 Summary 13 Real-Time and Hybri
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390 Part IV. Tools and Case Studies
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392 Axel Belinfante, Lars Frantzen,
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440 Wolfgang Prenninger, Mohammad E
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Part V Standardized Test Notation a
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466 George Din inter-operability te
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468 George Din • Tabular Presenta
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470 George Din 16.3.1 Test Building
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472 George Din Abstract Test System
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474 George Din field can be marked
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476 George Din • omit: the value
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478 George Din altstep Default() ru
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480 George Din alt { [] httpPort.re
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482 George Din • Test Management
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484 George Din Value Type getType()
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486 George Din This task is rather
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488 George Din hosts, of preparing
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490 George Din A B C D MEM = 256 MB
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492 George Din A hardware load moni
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494 George Din ptcType2 ptcType3
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496 George Din communicate with the
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498 Zhen Ru Dai U2TP document is no
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500 Zhen Ru Dai state machines, sta
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502 Zhen Ru Dai TestResult TestCase
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504 Zhen Ru Dai can be mapped to JU
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506 Zhen Ru Dai 17.4 Test Developme
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508 Zhen Ru Dai Slave: Master: SRI
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510 Zhen Ru Dai sa: Slave− Appli
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512 Zhen Ru Dai sdConnect_To_Master
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514 Zhen Ru Dai BluetoothUnitTest
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516 Zhen Ru Dai is returned to the
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518 Zhen Ru Dai (1) /* test configu
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520 Zhen Ru Dai (1) /* test case */
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Part VI Beyond Testing This last pa
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526 Séverine Colin and Leonardo Ma
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19 Model Checking Therese Berg 1 an
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19 Model Checking 559 The first sta
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19 Model Checking 561 function I :
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coffee coin tea 19 Model Checking 5
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AX (φ) :=¬EX (¬φ) AF (φ) :=Atr
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19 Model Checking 567 Another appro
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19 Model Checking 569 has a transit
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19 Model Checking 571 The alternati
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19 Model Checking 573 Obviously the
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19 Model Checking 575 purposes ther
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19 Model Checking 577 otherwise it
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19 Model Checking 579 Expanding a P
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19 Model Checking 581 We conduct an
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• SA ⊆ Σ ∗ is a nonempty fin
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19 Model Checking 585 When OT is cl
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19 Model Checking 587 • se = s
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19 Model Checking 589 the new colum
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19 Model Checking 591 Henceforth th
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19 Model Checking 593 DT , the tran
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19 Model Checking 595 queries. At t
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19 Model Checking 597 Assistant 4.
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Page 599 and 600: 612 Bengt Jonsson a/0 b/0 b/1 s2 s4
Page 601 and 602: 614 Bengt Jonsson of input symbols
Page 603 and 604: 616 Joost-Pieter Katoen The followi
Page 605 and 606: 618 Literature [AFH94] Rajeev Alur,
Page 607 and 608: 620 Literature [BCMD90] J. R. Burch
Page 609 and 610: 622 Literature [BRV95] Ed Brinksma,
Page 611 and 612: 624 Literature [CL97a] Duncan Clark
Page 613 and 614: 626 Literature [DGNP04] Z. R. Dai,
Page 615 and 616: 628 Literature [FHP02] Eitan Farchi
Page 617 and 618: 630 Literature [GL02] Hubert Garave
Page 619 and 620: 632 Literature [Hib61] Thomas N. Hi
Page 621 and 622: 634 Literature [HR01b] Klaus Havelu
Page 623 and 624: 636 Literature [KKL + 01] M. Kim, S
Page 625 and 626: 638 Literature [LPY97] Kim Guldstra
Page 627 and 628: 640 Literature [Müh97] H. Mühlenb
Page 629 and 630: 642 Literature [Pha93] M. Phalippou
Page 631 and 632: 644 Literature [RdBJ00] V. Rusu, L.
Page 633 and 634: 646 Literature [Sch00] Johann M. Sc
Page 635 and 636: 648 Literature [SVG02] S. Schulz an
Page 637 and 638: 650 Literature [Vas73] M. P. Vasile
Page 639: Index =⇒ , 175 ioco, 187 ioconf,
Page 643 and 644: eset sequence, see synchronizing se
Page 645: timed transition system, 223, 360,
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