The role of scavenger receptor BI in hepatitis - eTheses Repository ...

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44 Figure 1-3 The basic structure of a lipoprotein Table 1-1 The major species of lipoprotein. Lipid:protein ratios are calculated by weight. Table 1-2 Major forms of apoprotein.
45 Lipoproteins exist in a dynamic spectrum of size and composition, consequently their classification can be approached in a number of ways, for example by apoprotein content. However, as lipids have a lower density than proteins, lipoproteins can also be separated by their lipid to protein ratio via buoyant density centrifugation, allowing simple classification of distinct subsets. They range from large, triglyceride rich Chylomicrons through to small, cholesterol and protein rich High Density Lipoproteins (summarised in Table 1-1). The apoproteins are a diverse class of molecule that contribute to lipoprotein structure and mediate their specific interaction(s) with a wide array of enzymes and receptors. They fall into two subsets; exchangeable and non- exchangeable. The former are soluble proteins that readily transfer between lipoproteins in circulation, the latter are large insoluble proteins that remain within a lipoprotein for the duration of its catabolism. The non-exchangeable ApoB proteins are the major structural elements of CM, VLDL and LDL. The exchangeable forms, such as ApoC, have transient relationships with lipoproteins, directing their traffic and hydrolysis in response to the requirements of specific tissues and dietary conditions (Table 1-2). Lipids need to be delivered to tissues in a highly specific manner as inappropriate or excessive lipid delivery is pathogenic, as seen in coronary heart disease. An array of lipase enzymes and cellular receptors allow different tissue types to extract the appropriate lipids in the correct amounts from the same circulating pool. To meet these varied demands, there is an
Page 1 and 2:
The role of scavenger receptor B-I
Page 3 and 4: i Abstract. With 170 million infect
Page 5 and 6: iii Acknowledgements. I would like
Page 7 and 8: v 5 Results: Identification of a re
Page 9 and 10: vii Figure 5-5 Analysis of JFH-1 wt
Page 11 and 12: 1 Introduction 1.1 The disease. 1 D
Page 13 and 14: 3 predominantly immuno-pathogenic i
Page 15 and 16: 5 Aside from considerations of the
Page 17 and 18: 7 Current attempts to design a HCV
Page 19 and 20: 1.2 An elusive pathogen. 9 The emer
Page 21 and 22: 11 PCR). This technique is highly s
Page 23 and 24: 13 Within six years of the descript
Page 25 and 26: 1.3 Basic virology. 15 Like other m
Page 27 and 28: 17 Figure 1-2 HCV genome and polypr
Page 29 and 30: 19 241). E1 and E2 are anchored to
Page 31 and 32: 21 The characterisation of HCV geno
Page 33 and 34: 23 in the E1 and E2 glycoprotein ge
Page 35 and 36: 25 The solution reached by a great
Page 37 and 38: 27 binding to mouse cells. sE2 inte
Page 39 and 40: 29 density lipoprotein (HDL), allow
Page 41 and 42: 31 blood brain barrier is permeable
Page 43 and 44: 33 act as receptors for viral entry
Page 45 and 46: 1.4.2 Attachment factors 35 The tru
Page 47 and 48: 1.4.3 Endocytosis and fusion 37 Aft
Page 49 and 50: 39 1.4.4 Co-receptor interplay and
Page 51 and 52: 41 inhibition of protein kinase A (
Page 53: 1.5 Lipoproteins 43 Since 1992 ther
Page 57 and 58: 47 and delivers its cargo via the w
Page 59 and 60: 49 uptake of cholesterol from LDL (
Page 61 and 62: Figure 1-4 SR-BI-lipoprotein intera
Page 63 and 64: 53 In summary the class B scavenger
Page 65 and 66: 55 In 1992 Thomssen et. al. demonst
Page 67 and 68: 57 lipoprotein association promotes
Page 69 and 70: 59 Figure 1-5 Lipo-viro-particle as
Page 71 and 72: 61 In vitro culture medium, into wh
Page 73 and 74: 2 Materials and methods. 2.1 Cell l
Page 75 and 76: Preparation of rat anti-E2 mAbs. 65
Page 77 and 78: 2.4 Basic techniques. Flow cytometr
Page 79 and 80: 69 6. Finally, the cells were washe
Page 81 and 82: 71 (Promega, WI, USA) kits accordin
Page 83 and 84: 73 proteins and are incapable of fu
Page 85 and 86: 75 spectrophotometer (Amersham), we
Page 87 and 88: 77 Figure 2-2 Electroporated Huh-7.
Page 89 and 90: 79 5. Data is expressed as percenta
Page 91 and 92: 81 (Invitrogen). The samples to be
Page 93 and 94: 83 1. The SR-BII coding region was
Page 95 and 96: 2.7 Cloning and synthesis of JFH-1
Page 97 and 98: The sequence encoding amino acids 3
Page 99 and 100: Figure 2-6 sE2 sequencing. 89 JFH-1
Page 101 and 102: 91 7. Large scale transfections wer
Page 103 and 104: 93 3 Results: Investigations using
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95 3.2 CHO cells expressing human S
Page 107 and 108:
Figure 3-3 Ability of anti-E2 mAb t
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99 3.3 The interaction of sE2 with
Page 111 and 112:
101 Figure 3-5 Position of SR-BI mu
Page 113 and 114:
103 Table 3-2 Investigation of cell
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105 3.4 Expression of SR-BII in CHO
Page 117 and 118:
3.5 Discussion. 107 We have demonst
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109 may offer a tool to study the i
Page 121 and 122:
111 Figure 4-1A displays endogenous
Page 123 and 124:
113 4.2 Exogenous expression of SR-
Page 125 and 126:
115 4.3 Evidence of enhanced JFH-1
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117 4.4 SR-BI expression levels lim
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119 4.5 Murine SR-BI does not enhan
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121 4.6 SR-BI/II expression levels
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123 Figure 4-5 Over expression of S
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125 Figure 4-6 Anti-SR-BI serum inh
Page 137 and 138:
127 Figure 4-7 Infection of Huh-7.5
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129 cells is largely manifested in
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131 5 Results: Identification of a
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133 Figure 5-1 JFH-1 G451R has an a
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135 Figure 5-2 CD81 dependence of J
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137 G451R sE2 with hCD81 LEL we com
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139 Figure 5-4 JFH-1 wt and G451R s
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141 demonstrated a lower dependence
Page 153 and 154:
143 Figure 5-6 Relationship between
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145 flow cytometry (data not shown)
Page 157 and 158:
147 5.6 Low density JFH-1 particles
Page 159 and 160:
5.7 Discussion. 149 We have demonst
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151 Numerous reports have used dens
Page 163 and 164:
153 demonstrate that low density JF
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155 to over express SR-BI we were a
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157 5-1), better able to engage CD8
Page 169 and 170:
159 Figure 6-1 An overview of antib
Page 171 and 172:
161 it is believed that ligation of
Page 173 and 174:
163 Given our and other’s finding
Page 175 and 176:
6.3 HCV lipo-viro-particles. 165 As
Page 177 and 178:
167 represent the hyper-variable re
Page 179 and 180:
169 The G451R mutation disrupts the
Page 181 and 182:
7 Bibliography 171 1. Acton, S., D.
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173 include the CD81 tetraspanin an
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175 receptor class B type I and inh
Page 187 and 188:
177 83. Drummer, H. E., K. A. Wilso
Page 189 and 190:
179 KewalRamani, D. R. Littman, C.
Page 191 and 192:
181 King. 1996. Efficient infection
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183 hepatitis C virus envelope glyc
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185 recovered chimpanzees exhibit r
Page 197 and 198:
187 218. Monazahian, M., I. Bohme,
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189 243. Perez-Berna, A. J., J. Gui
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191 single-cycle production assay t
Page 203 and 204:
193 298. Strickland, G. T., S. S. E
Page 205 and 206:
195 Remaley, G. Csako, T. L. Eggerm
Page 207:
197 2007. Scavenger receptor class
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