The role of scavenger receptor BI in hepatitis - eTheses Repository ...

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80 use of the iodixanol gradient columns was performed by Dr Nielsen, the remaining work was carried out in Birmingham. 1. 50ml of culture medium containing harvested HCVcc particles was concentrated to 1ml in a Vivaspin 20 column with a 100kDa molecular weight cut off (Sartorius, Germany). 2. Linear iodixanol (Axis-Shield, UK) gradients were prepared using a two-chamber gradient maker (Jencons, UK) with light (6%) and dense (56%) iodixanol solutions (233). Gradients were used immediately after preparation and 0.4 ml of concentrated virus loaded onto each gradient. 3. Samples were centrifuged at 100,000xg for 21h at 4ºC in a L80-M ultracentrifuge (Beckman, UK), fractions were harvested and their density determined with a digital refractometer (Atago, Japan). 4. RNA was extracted from each faction using an RNEasy Mini kit (Qiagen) according to the manufacturer’s instructions, allowing the analysis of HCV genome distribution throughout the density gradient. 5. HCVcc infectivity within each fraction was determined with a standard infection assay. Quantitative RT-PCR Genome copy number within each iodixanol density fraction was measured by quantitative RT-PCR, using a Cells Direct kit (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. In summary. 1. The Cells Direct reaction mixture was made with HCV specific primers (PrimerDesign, UK) and GAPDH house keeping gene control primers
81 (Invitrogen). The samples to be tested were derived from cell culture media and not cell lysate and do not contain GADPH mRNA, therefore 0.25µg of HeLa cell RNA (Invitrogen) was added to the mix as a template for the GAPDH control primers. 2. The RT-PCR was carried out in a MicroAmp 96 well optical reaction plate (Applied Biosystems, CA, USA), with samples tested in quadruplicate. A standard curve was made up with in vitro transcribed HCV RNA of known copy number. 3. The reaction was performed in a MX3000P quantitative PCR machine (Stratagene, CA, USA) and the data analysed using the associated MXpro software.
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The role of scavenger receptor B-I
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i Abstract. With 170 million infect
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iii Acknowledgements. I would like
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v 5 Results: Identification of a re
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vii Figure 5-5 Analysis of JFH-1 wt
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1 Introduction 1.1 The disease. 1 D
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3 predominantly immuno-pathogenic i
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5 Aside from considerations of the
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7 Current attempts to design a HCV
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1.2 An elusive pathogen. 9 The emer
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11 PCR). This technique is highly s
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13 Within six years of the descript
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1.3 Basic virology. 15 Like other m
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17 Figure 1-2 HCV genome and polypr
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19 241). E1 and E2 are anchored to
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21 The characterisation of HCV geno
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23 in the E1 and E2 glycoprotein ge
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25 The solution reached by a great
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27 binding to mouse cells. sE2 inte
Page 39 and 40: 29 density lipoprotein (HDL), allow
Page 41 and 42: 31 blood brain barrier is permeable
Page 43 and 44: 33 act as receptors for viral entry
Page 45 and 46: 1.4.2 Attachment factors 35 The tru
Page 47 and 48: 1.4.3 Endocytosis and fusion 37 Aft
Page 49 and 50: 39 1.4.4 Co-receptor interplay and
Page 51 and 52: 41 inhibition of protein kinase A (
Page 53 and 54: 1.5 Lipoproteins 43 Since 1992 ther
Page 55 and 56: 45 Lipoproteins exist in a dynamic
Page 57 and 58: 47 and delivers its cargo via the w
Page 59 and 60: 49 uptake of cholesterol from LDL (
Page 61 and 62: Figure 1-4 SR-BI-lipoprotein intera
Page 63 and 64: 53 In summary the class B scavenger
Page 65 and 66: 55 In 1992 Thomssen et. al. demonst
Page 67 and 68: 57 lipoprotein association promotes
Page 69 and 70: 59 Figure 1-5 Lipo-viro-particle as
Page 71 and 72: 61 In vitro culture medium, into wh
Page 73 and 74: 2 Materials and methods. 2.1 Cell l
Page 75 and 76: Preparation of rat anti-E2 mAbs. 65
Page 77 and 78: 2.4 Basic techniques. Flow cytometr
Page 79 and 80: 69 6. Finally, the cells were washe
Page 81 and 82: 71 (Promega, WI, USA) kits accordin
Page 83 and 84: 73 proteins and are incapable of fu
Page 85 and 86: 75 spectrophotometer (Amersham), we
Page 87 and 88: 77 Figure 2-2 Electroporated Huh-7.
Page 89: 79 5. Data is expressed as percenta
Page 93 and 94: 83 1. The SR-BII coding region was
Page 95 and 96: 2.7 Cloning and synthesis of JFH-1
Page 97 and 98: The sequence encoding amino acids 3
Page 99 and 100: Figure 2-6 sE2 sequencing. 89 JFH-1
Page 101 and 102: 91 7. Large scale transfections wer
Page 103 and 104: 93 3 Results: Investigations using
Page 105 and 106: 95 3.2 CHO cells expressing human S
Page 107 and 108: Figure 3-3 Ability of anti-E2 mAb t
Page 109 and 110: 99 3.3 The interaction of sE2 with
Page 111 and 112: 101 Figure 3-5 Position of SR-BI mu
Page 113 and 114: 103 Table 3-2 Investigation of cell
Page 115 and 116: 105 3.4 Expression of SR-BII in CHO
Page 117 and 118: 3.5 Discussion. 107 We have demonst
Page 119 and 120: 109 may offer a tool to study the i
Page 121 and 122: 111 Figure 4-1A displays endogenous
Page 123 and 124: 113 4.2 Exogenous expression of SR-
Page 125 and 126: 115 4.3 Evidence of enhanced JFH-1
Page 127 and 128: 117 4.4 SR-BI expression levels lim
Page 129 and 130: 119 4.5 Murine SR-BI does not enhan
Page 131 and 132: 121 4.6 SR-BI/II expression levels
Page 133 and 134: 123 Figure 4-5 Over expression of S
Page 135 and 136: 125 Figure 4-6 Anti-SR-BI serum inh
Page 137 and 138: 127 Figure 4-7 Infection of Huh-7.5
Page 139 and 140: 129 cells is largely manifested in
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131 5 Results: Identification of a
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133 Figure 5-1 JFH-1 G451R has an a
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135 Figure 5-2 CD81 dependence of J
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137 G451R sE2 with hCD81 LEL we com
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139 Figure 5-4 JFH-1 wt and G451R s
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141 demonstrated a lower dependence
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143 Figure 5-6 Relationship between
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145 flow cytometry (data not shown)
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147 5.6 Low density JFH-1 particles
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5.7 Discussion. 149 We have demonst
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151 Numerous reports have used dens
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153 demonstrate that low density JF
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155 to over express SR-BI we were a
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157 5-1), better able to engage CD8
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159 Figure 6-1 An overview of antib
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161 it is believed that ligation of
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163 Given our and other’s finding
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6.3 HCV lipo-viro-particles. 165 As
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167 represent the hyper-variable re
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169 The G451R mutation disrupts the
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7 Bibliography 171 1. Acton, S., D.
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173 include the CD81 tetraspanin an
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175 receptor class B type I and inh
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177 83. Drummer, H. E., K. A. Wilso
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179 KewalRamani, D. R. Littman, C.
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181 King. 1996. Efficient infection
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183 hepatitis C virus envelope glyc
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185 recovered chimpanzees exhibit r
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187 218. Monazahian, M., I. Bohme,
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189 243. Perez-Berna, A. J., J. Gui
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191 single-cycle production assay t
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193 298. Strickland, G. T., S. S. E
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195 Remaley, G. Csako, T. L. Eggerm
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197 2007. Scavenger receptor class
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