Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry - BRJAC - Brazilian Journal ...

ChemometriC a n d a n a l y t iC a l strategies f o r t h e s t u d y o f s o i l s f r o m m a r i t i m e an t a rC t iC a
greater concentrations in the labile portions of the SEP
for Cu and Zn (CuF1F3 and ZnF1F3 in Fig. 4b). This
can be confirmed by the lower clay (4.75 % m m -1 , on
average) and TOC content (0.38 % m m -1 , on average)
of the soils impacted by the oil tanks around Ferraz.
On the other hand, the soil samples collected further
from Ferraz have 5-fold higher clay (22.3 % m m -1 on
average) and almost double TOC contents (0.74 % m
m -1 on average). Soil organic matter plays an important
role in soil chemistry, acting as a sorbing metal
phase that reduces metal bioavailability [53]. Simas et.
al [54], studying some soil samples collected from the
same Peninsula as this work, found clay minerals of
the illite group, a class of clays with a high cation exchange
capacity. More recent installations have used
clays as landfill chemical barriers due their strong interactions
with metallic cations present in leachates
[55, 56].
4. co n c l u s Io n s a n d o u t l o o K
The use of atom trap techniques (STAT-FAAS and TS-
FF-AAS) allowed to attain better limits of detection for
Cd and Pb in relation to conventional flame AAS. Furthermore,
the fast-sequential determination of metals
(by FAAS and STAT-FAAS) permitted reduction in the
analysis time and minimization of sample consumption
and waste generation. The combination of PCA with
SR-XRF enabled to perform a geochemical exploratory
study of Antarctic soils, providing reliable information
for the environmental monitoring of the studied sites.
The information obtained using this combination was
confirmed by quantitative measurements performed
using spectrometric techniques. Furthermore, chemometric
tools were used for the treatment of data obtained
from soil characteristics, in addition to the information
on SEP and the pseudototal and bioavailable
concentrations of metals. The use of such tools was
implemented as a novel alternative for environmental
assessment of areas with anthropogenic inputs of contaminants.
Although the most impacted sites contain
anomalous concentrations of Cr, Ni and Pb, the concentrations
do not exceed guidelines for soil quality,
except for Cr. Nevertheless, mitigation and treatment
of contaminated areas could be important for preservation
of the local ecosystem.
5. ac K n o w l e d g e m e n t s
The authors are grateful to FAPESP (Processes
07/04515-4, 09/09481-6 and 08/08260-3), CNPq and
CAPES for financial support, the Brazilian Navy for logistical
cooperation, the collaboration of Dr. Carlos Pérez
for the analysis of SR-XRF at the LNLS (Processes XRF
7045 and 7046), Dr. Paulo Negrais (Petrobrás) for his
help at the sampling sites near Ferraz Station and the
EMBRAPA Pecuária Sudeste for soil analyses.
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