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78
b Expressing obligation / Necessity / Degree of Commitment
1) Expressing obligation
Inventories
a) Modal verbs You mustn’t make so much noise. The baby is asleep.
Students have got to fill in a form if they want to leave early.
Children should be taught how to swim by the time they leave junior
school.
I ought to go now. My husband is waiting.
I’ll have to finish my assignment this weekend. It’s meant to be handed in
on Monday.
I should never have got involved with her. She’s trouble.
You should have informed the police as soon as it happened.
I ought to have told her about her father before she found out for
herself.
b) Phrases She’s not expected to stay late at work every night.
She’s supposed to tidy up before Mum gets home.
2) Expressing Necessity
a) Modal verbs I need to make a phone call.
He had to go to Germany to find work.
He didn’t have to pay tax when he lived abroad.
She has got to work harder to pass her exams.
You don’t need to worry about her. She’ll sail though her exams.
She needn’t have bothered. I always keep some spare ones in the
house.
We don’t need to leave now. The match doesn’t start until 8 o’clock.
They don’t have to do what everybody else is doing, do they?
Anyway, I haven’t got time to do it just now.
She should have gone on to do an MA.
You needn’t have gone to all that trouble. I would have been fine.
b) Phrases It’s necessary to come to an agreement quickly.
3) Expressing Commitment
a) Promising If you pass your exams, I’ll take you on holiday.
b) Intention I’m going to go up to him and tell him what I think of him.
I may visit them this summer.
Are you going to go by boat? We’re going to take the Eurostar.
Handbook telc English A2·B1