Physical Density and Urban Sprawl: A Case of Dhaka City - KTH

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esidential area have been selected as formal housing settlements (Fig 1.2). Among them Dhanmondi is the first planned residential area of Dhaka city for the high income people which has been planned in 1954. Shobhanbagh officers’ colony is developed for the first class government officers. Banani and Baridhara are the area for high income and aristocrat people which also have been planned in 1964. DOHS is the newly planned housing for the retired defense officers. Mirpur 10 number is the area for middle and lower middle income people has been developed in mid 1960. ‘Geneva Camp’ and ‘Tikkapara Bustee’ in Mohammadpur have been selected as informal housing settlements. ‘Bustee’ is the local name of informal settlements in Bangladesh. Two informal settlements have been selected in the present study as cases because the type and physical characteristics of the most informal settlements are similar. Two types of informal settlements can be seen in Dhaka. The houses in one type are made by brick walls. Despite that, most of the informal settlements are constructed by earth materials. The houses in ‘Geneva Camp’ are made by brick walls and tin’s roof where as in ‘Tikkapara Bustee’ are made by earth materials. Selection of Informal settlements Geneva Camp in Mohammadpur This settlement is situated in the Mohammadpur thana. This thana is a residential area for middle income people with some minor commercial activities. The Geneva camp has been developed in the center of this thana. Thana, which means police station, is the third level of administrative boundary in Bangladesh. This settlement has been selected for the study due to its old age, location and house forms. Most of the informal settlements in the Dhaka city are made by earth materials but few of them are made by brick wall with tin’s roof. The houses in ‘Geneva camp’ are made by the brick wall with tin’s roof. This settlement looks like planned housing area but the provision of infrastructure and other facilities are not available. Tikkapara Bustee in Mohammadpur Tikka Para Bustee has been selected due to its age, location and house forms. The physical characteristics and house forms of this settlement are similar to most of the informal settlements in Dhaka city (author’s previous observation). This settlement is located in the periphery of the city where the houses are made by earth materials. The analysis of the physical densities and spatial qualities of this settlement will provide idea about most of the informal settlements in Dhaka city. Selection method of Formal settlements Road number 3 at Dhanmondi residential area Dhanmondi is the first planned residential area of Dhaka city. This area was developed as a residential area for high income people in 1954 during Pakistan period. But now it is treated as an area of mix function. A lot of high, medium and low rise housing settlements have developed in this area for its mix functionality. Road number 3 is the residential area with some commercial activities. Shobhanbagh officers’ colony Shobhanbagh officers’ colony at Shobhanbagh has been developed for the first class government officers’ of Bangladesh. Most of the government housing blocks in Dhaka are like this block where the percentage of land coverage by buildings is very low. There are 16 buildings in this block. 6
Banani Model Town residential area This area was developed in 1964 during Pakistan period for high income people. The density is low in terms of FAR and percentage of land coverage by buildings. There are 8 buildings in this block. Baridhara diplomatic zone Baridhara is situated in the Gulshan thana. It was planned in 1962 during Pakistan period but the Bangladesh government has developed this area in 1972 as a residential area. It is the posh area of Dhaka city for the rich and aristocrat people. The area is considered due to its low percentage of land coverage by buildings and low FAR value. Newly planned Baridhara Defense Officer’s Housing Society (DOHS) This area has been developed to provide housing to the retired defense officers. The houses in this block are very close to one another. Percentage of land coverage by buildings and FAR value are very high. This block is comprised of 14 buildings. Mirpur 10 number circle residential area This are is located in the Mirpur thana. It was planned in the mid of 1960s during Pakistan period for the Muslims who came from India after separation of India and Pakistan from British in 1947.This area has been selected due to its low FAR value and very high percentage of land coverage by buildings. 1.4.3 Data collection methods In this study both quantitative and qualitative methods have been applied. The quantitative methods comprise of measurements, analysis of documents, empirical studies, maps and aerial photographs, previous observations as well as discussions. On the other hand the qualitative sources comprise of theoretical literatures, analysis of documents and previous observation. The data collection methods have been conducted in two phases. First, the classification and identification of physical densities in terms of FAR and percentage of land coverage by buildings for both formal and informal housing settlements have been carried out. In this phase measurements of whole block area, individual plot area, covered land by buildings and number of storeys of buildings have been carried out to calculate the physical densities. The identification, usability and classification of spaces have also been carried out in the same phase. After that the observation and official documents regarding that study areas are analyzed to explore the background information and the spatial qualities of the settlements. Analysis of photographs After formulating problem and fixing the study area, the author appointed his university classmates and friends in Bangladesh to take the photographs of the study area about the formulated problem. The photographers have taken photographs according to the suggestion of the author of this study. It was required to take photographs of typical, critical, good qualities and difficult situation. The space usability, cross ventilation and provision of daylight inside the informal housing blocks have been explored from the photographs. Analysis of plans and maps Plans and drawings provide information to analyse the physical extension of Dhaka city as well as FAR values, setbacks, original layout of plots and size of plots in the study area. Original and existing plans of the study areas are gathered from several secondary sources, for instance previous studies or official websites of several relevant organizations. Then the 7
Page 1 and 2: KTH Architecture and the Built Envi
Page 3 and 4: CHAPTER 6: FINAL ANALYSIS..........
Page 5 and 6: ABSTRACT Md. Syful Islam: Physical
Page 7 and 8: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION This study a
Page 9 and 10: Habraken (1998:292-93) states that,
Page 11: Since the study is dealing with the
Page 15 and 16: Applied Procedure to calculate land
Page 17 and 18: CHAPTER 2 THEORY OF THE CONCEPTUAL
Page 19 and 20: crowded and unsuitable environments
Page 21 and 22: unrealistic because tall buildings
Page 23 and 24: Carlos Barquin et. el. (1986) emplo
Page 25 and 26: Fig 2.7: Cluster of Informal settle
Page 27 and 28: Figure 3.1: Physical growth of Dhak
Page 29 and 30: Until 1951, Bangladesh was almost c
Page 31 and 32: 3.5 Land use pattern of Dhaka city
Page 33 and 34: construction is illegal while squat
Page 35 and 36: even accuse RAJUK, the most promine
Page 37 and 38: CUS, the number of informal settlem
Page 39 and 40: Figure 3.9: Ratio of formal and inf
Page 41 and 42: CHAPTER 4 FINDINGS FROM THE INFORMA
Page 43 and 44: Spatial qualities Spatial qualities
Page 45 and 46: settlement are selling their daily
Page 47 and 48: The houses are very close to one an
Page 49 and 50: Figure 4.15: The space inside the h
Page 51 and 52: It can be seen from the findings of
Page 53 and 54: 5.2 Shobhanbagh officers’ colony
Page 55 and 56: . Figure 5.4: Aerial photograph of
Page 57 and 58: CHAPTER 6 FINAL ANALYSIS Chapters 4
Page 59 and 60: narrow roads for drying and washing
Page 61 and 62: CHAPTER 7 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCL
Page 63 and 64:
of proper monitoring in housing mar
Page 65 and 66:
Nnaggenda-Musana A., (2004), Sprawl
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Physical Density and Urban Sprawl: A Case of Dhaka City - KTH

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