Physical Density and Urban Sprawl: A Case of Dhaka City - KTH

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Banani, and Baridhara as residential areas for the high income people and Uttara for middle income people. Those areas are being used as residential areas with minor commercial activities. Few development projects have being under consideration for the housing of low income people. After forming Bangladesh, only one project came under consideration for residents of low income people. Mirpur area has been developed as a part of that project. It can be considered as a pure residential area with some garments factories. Table 3.3 is showing the land use pattern of mega city Dhaka where agricultural land is about 47%, residential land is approximately 25%, very little amount like about 3% of vacant land and water bodies about 10%. Most of the water bodies and open spaces are being filled up to build formal and informal housing settlements. Table 3.3: Amount of land use for different purposes in the mega city (percentage). Residen Commer Indus Institu Agricul Recrea Vacant Water Others tial cial trial tional tural tional land bodies 25.32 3.96 2.49 1.63 46.8 0.84 3.09 9.94 0.06 Source: World Bank, 2006 Table 3.4 illustrates the overall situation of open space in Dhaka city Corporation (DCC) where about 22% of total land is open space. The area of mega city is bigger than DCC. Here open space means land for agricultural, gardening, graveyard, lake, vacant space, park, play ground, pond and swamp. Among them agricultural land has taken major part (about 12%) then vacant land (about 5%). Here agriculture means the rural agriculture in the fringe area of the DCC. The percentage of Recreational place and water bodies is very low which is negligible for any mega city like Dhaka. Table 3.4: Distribution of Open Spaces in DCC. Type of Open Space Area (hectare) Percentage of Total Area Agricultural 1971.22 12.12 Garden 146.49 0.901 Graveyard 5.87 0.036 Lake 24.57 0.151 Vacant Space 811.24 4.991 Park 145.1 0.892 Playground 63.32 0.390 Pond 40.92 0.252 Swamp 295.83 1.82 Urban Forest 3.24 0.02 Total 3507.8 21.573 Source: Bhadra and Shammin, 2001 3.6 Density and Housing supply system There are varieties of housing delivery system in Dhaka city. Figure 3.5 shows the housing supply system of Dhaka city. 93% of total housing is being provided by the private sector (BBS, 2001). Private sector supplies both formal and informal housing settlements. The informal sector includes the provisions of both sub-illegally and illegally constructed housing. Sub-illegal housing supply includes the housing constructed on legally occupied land but violating building codes. The slums are also developed in the same way. The individuals develop very low quality slums on their own land with legal title but the 26
construction is illegal while squatting is a housing supply system where the land is illegally occupied (Nahiduzzaman, 2004). At present there are 200 real estate companies available. Among them 93 are members of Real Estate and Housing Association of Bangladesh (REHAB), an umbrella organization for developers who are providing 2000 housing units per year (Nahiduzzaman, 2004). Fig 3.5: Housing supply system of Dhaka city. Source: BBS: Household expenditure survey 2001 During the last 20 years the members of REHAB have created homes for almost 20,000 families who are mainly of the high-income group (Seraj, 2001). Some donor agencies also provided housing for slum and squatters settlers. During the year 1987-1990 UNDP-UNCDF resettled 2600 informal settlers with one core room and services in Mirpur (Seraj, 2001) consider the private real estate company, they are providing housing for high income group only. Table 3.5 shows that apartment sizes provided by the private sectors vary from 448 square meters to 70 square meters. Actually it depends on the location of area like in Gulshan, Dhanmondi, Uttara, Baridhara, Banani, and Elephant Road which are posh areas of Dhaka city; the apartment sizes in those areas are ranging from 123 square meters to 448 square meters. But in some high middle class and middle class areas like in Mirpur, Moghbazar, Green road, Mohammadpur, Niketon, Shantinagar, Siddeshwary, the apartment sizes are ranging from 70 square meters to 130 square meters. Table 3.5 shows the highest and lowest apartment sizes of different areas of Dhaka city 27
Page 1 and 2: KTH Architecture and the Built Envi
Page 3 and 4: CHAPTER 6: FINAL ANALYSIS..........
Page 5 and 6: ABSTRACT Md. Syful Islam: Physical
Page 7 and 8: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION This study a
Page 9 and 10: Habraken (1998:292-93) states that,
Page 11 and 12: Since the study is dealing with the
Page 13 and 14: Banani Model Town residential area
Page 15 and 16: Applied Procedure to calculate land
Page 17 and 18: CHAPTER 2 THEORY OF THE CONCEPTUAL
Page 19 and 20: crowded and unsuitable environments
Page 21 and 22: unrealistic because tall buildings
Page 23 and 24: Carlos Barquin et. el. (1986) emplo
Page 25 and 26: Fig 2.7: Cluster of Informal settle
Page 27 and 28: Figure 3.1: Physical growth of Dhak
Page 29 and 30: Until 1951, Bangladesh was almost c
Page 31: 3.5 Land use pattern of Dhaka city
Page 35 and 36: even accuse RAJUK, the most promine
Page 37 and 38: CUS, the number of informal settlem
Page 39 and 40: Figure 3.9: Ratio of formal and inf
Page 41 and 42: CHAPTER 4 FINDINGS FROM THE INFORMA
Page 43 and 44: Spatial qualities Spatial qualities
Page 45 and 46: settlement are selling their daily
Page 47 and 48: The houses are very close to one an
Page 49 and 50: Figure 4.15: The space inside the h
Page 51 and 52: It can be seen from the findings of
Page 53 and 54: 5.2 Shobhanbagh officers’ colony
Page 55 and 56: . Figure 5.4: Aerial photograph of
Page 57 and 58: CHAPTER 6 FINAL ANALYSIS Chapters 4
Page 59 and 60: narrow roads for drying and washing
Page 61 and 62: CHAPTER 7 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCL
Page 63 and 64: of proper monitoring in housing mar
Page 65 and 66: Nnaggenda-Musana A., (2004), Sprawl

Physical Density and Urban Sprawl: A Case of Dhaka City - KTH

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