Physical Density and Urban Sprawl: A Case of Dhaka City - KTH

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indicates the area of block including half of its surrounding road width. The built area means the total floor area of all buildings which is based on the actual floor area including wall thickness of each structure, and multiplied by the number of floors. Figure 1.5 is showing the calculation of the total floor area of a building. The total floor area inside the block will be the addition of the total floor area of all buildings inside the block. In the figure 1.5 Floor Area, A = L X W unit square So, Total Floor Area occupied by this building, A1 = A X 5 unit square (Since the building is 5 storeys) If the total floor area of all buildings inside the block = A2 (Addition of the total floor area of all buildings inside the block) then Floor Area Ratio (FAR) = A2/BA Analysis of official documents Previous study reports or evaluation of the same study area, administrative documents, news paper clipping, other articles appearing in the mass media have been collected from the internet or other secondary sources. The change of spatial patterns and growth due to develop informal settlements have been analysed from the official documents. 1.4.4 Summary of the study issues and used methods The present study has followed several methods to analyze and investigate different relevant issues of the study. Figure 1.6 shows the used methods for gathering idea about the several aspects of study. Aspects Sprawl theory Concept of block types Back ground of Dhaka Methods Theory analysis Y Y Empirical studies Y Y Y Analysis of aerial photographs Y Y Y Analysis of photographs Y Y Y Own observations Y Y Analysis of plans and maps Y Analysis of official documents Y Figure 1.6: Summary of study aspects and methods Here Y means that method and corresponding aspect have been used in this study. 10 Density of the blocks of Dhaka Spatial qualities of the blocks of Dhaka
CHAPTER 2 THEORY OF THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK The purpose of this chapter is to present the theoretical and conceptual frame work that is considered and reflected upon, and which will guide this study. The focus is on the concepts that centre on analysis of physical densities and spatial qualities of housing blocks, urban sprawl, and informal settlements. The concepts employed are discussed in relation with the theories. It is necessary to identify relevant variables that can be used in the analysis of physical densities and spatial qualities of housing blocks, since the objectives of the study is to analyze physical densities and spatial qualities of urban housing block. 2.1 Urban Sprawl Urban sprawl is one of the contemporary issues of today’s world. It is very difficult to find a common definition to urban sprawl. But the most common phenomenon of urban sprawl is expansion of urban area without efficient use of land. According to Vestbro “Urban sprawl may be defined as the phenomenon when urban areas expand without procedures for efficient land use. It is typically expressed in allocating ample space to roads and parking areas, to buffer zones and impediments (leftover spaces) between built-up areas, and in residential developments with low densities. Such planning procedures lead to encroachment of valuable agricultural land, to long travel distances between residences and work places, to high infrastructural costs because of long lines of roads, pipes, drainage ditches etc per house, and to a lack of urban qualities. Combined with the construction of external shopping malls urban sprawl also leads to the deterioration of local services and to segregation between those who have cars and those who don’t” (Vestbro, 2004). In the city with sprawl, the residential area is developed with low physical densities. As a result there is an encroachment of development to the valuable agricultural land or other open spaces. The area of the city increases horizontally for that encroachment. The cost of infrastructures and traveling increase due to the development of long lines of roads, pipes, drainage etc, and so, there is a close relationship between low density residential development and urban sprawl. This present study will try to explore that relationship by analyzing the housing densities of Dhaka. According to Galster, et. el. (2001) “sprawl can be observed in different circumstances and conditions; it is possible that there can be different types of sprawl, which consist of combinations of different variables”. They propose different dimensions of land use and when those low values are found in an area, then it signifies urban sprawl environments. Density is one of the vital dimensions among them. In spite of the mixed land use characteristics with medium or high physical density in terms of FAR and percentage of land coverage, the problems regarding to sprawl can be seen in a lot of cities all over the world due to the development of low dense informal housing blocks in the centre or periphery of the city. The physical density has been calculated from the FAR and percentage of land covered by buildings in the specific block which has been described in detail in the previous chapter. Downs (1999) notes several causes of urban sprawl. Unlimited outward extensions of development as well as low-density residential and commercial settlements are the prime causes among them. This writer also notes some effects of sprawl which comprise of air 11
Page 1 and 2: KTH Architecture and the Built Envi
Page 3 and 4: CHAPTER 6: FINAL ANALYSIS..........
Page 5 and 6: ABSTRACT Md. Syful Islam: Physical
Page 7 and 8: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION This study a
Page 9 and 10: Habraken (1998:292-93) states that,
Page 11 and 12: Since the study is dealing with the
Page 13 and 14: Banani Model Town residential area
Page 15: Applied Procedure to calculate land
Page 19 and 20: crowded and unsuitable environments
Page 21 and 22: unrealistic because tall buildings
Page 23 and 24: Carlos Barquin et. el. (1986) emplo
Page 25 and 26: Fig 2.7: Cluster of Informal settle
Page 27 and 28: Figure 3.1: Physical growth of Dhak
Page 29 and 30: Until 1951, Bangladesh was almost c
Page 31 and 32: 3.5 Land use pattern of Dhaka city
Page 33 and 34: construction is illegal while squat
Page 35 and 36: even accuse RAJUK, the most promine
Page 37 and 38: CUS, the number of informal settlem
Page 39 and 40: Figure 3.9: Ratio of formal and inf
Page 41 and 42: CHAPTER 4 FINDINGS FROM THE INFORMA
Page 43 and 44: Spatial qualities Spatial qualities
Page 45 and 46: settlement are selling their daily
Page 47 and 48: The houses are very close to one an
Page 49 and 50: Figure 4.15: The space inside the h
Page 51 and 52: It can be seen from the findings of
Page 53 and 54: 5.2 Shobhanbagh officers’ colony
Page 55 and 56: . Figure 5.4: Aerial photograph of
Page 57 and 58: CHAPTER 6 FINAL ANALYSIS Chapters 4
Page 59 and 60: narrow roads for drying and washing
Page 61 and 62: CHAPTER 7 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCL
Page 63 and 64: of proper monitoring in housing mar
Page 65 and 66: Nnaggenda-Musana A., (2004), Sprawl

Physical Density and Urban Sprawl: A Case of Dhaka City - KTH

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