Physical Density and Urban Sprawl: A Case of Dhaka City - KTH

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The success of this research has become possible through the assistance from a number of people, all of whom I can not acknowledge. First I am grateful to my supervisor professor Dick Urban Vestbro who has encouraged and guided me by providing several books and papers regarding to my study. His support, criticism and intellectual comments helped me to accomplish this study. I would like to thank those who encouraged me to study up to this level. To my parents who are living in Bangladesh, I say thank you for your parental sacrifice which enabled me to study in Sweden. Special thanks to my beloved Mahabuba Sultana who has helped me by providing several official documents and photographs regarding to my study. Without her help and devotion, it was too difficult for me to collect photographs and data on informal settlements in Dhaka city. I also owe similar gratitude to my sisters and brothers in Bangladesh for their committed help to study in Sweden. I am indebted to the officials of Dhaka City Corporation who have helped me by providing several important documents. Furthermore thanks also goes to my previous university teachers in Bangladesh who have helped me by providing their intellectual knowledge about density of the housing settlements in Dhaka city. Among them is my former university teacher Professor Dr. K.M. Moniruzzaman for his countless knowledge based suggestions. I also extend collective thanks to my classmates of Environmental engineering and Sustainable Infrastructure program for their special comments about my work. I would like to say especial thanks to Michael Bimpeh from Ghana for his kind help to edit my thesis work properly. I owe special thanks to Google Earth Software Company that enabled me to measure the area of block, area of buildings, area of plots, height of buildings and width of surrounding roads. Without this software it would not have been possible to get those measurements. All other people who assisted in various capacities, I render my profound gratitude to them. v
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION This study analyses selected formal and informal housing blocks of Dhaka city. The focus of the analysis is on the physical densities and spatial qualities of housing block addresses urban sprawl. The formal settlements in the inner part of the Dhaka are densely developed. However, the area of the city is expanding horizontally because a lot of informal settlements are developing in the inner part or periphery of the city. If urban sprawl in Dhaka is to be addressed, housing solution that can accommodate the increasing population and with good spatial qualities is very important. The present study will investigate physical densities and spatial qualities of formal and informal settlements of Dhaka city and recommend such housing block for urban low income people. 1.1 Real life problem Urban sprawl is one of the contemporary issues of cities all over the world. It contributes to the inefficient use of land resources, energy and large scale absorption of open space that can otherwise be used more effectively for activities which can contribute to the development of a city. Dhaka is the capital and the biggest city of Bangladesh which is the main center of education, administration, trade and commerce. The population is growing rapidly due to the massive rural urban migration. The city is experiencing an increase in the rate of housing development. The private developers or government housing companies are constructing houses for the high or middle income people while the low income people do not have provision in the housing market, though most of the people in Dhaka city are poor. As a result a lot of informal settlements have developed in the inner part or in the periphery of the city. The development of such informal settlements is causing inefficient use of space; hence the city is expanding horizontally. It is difficult to provide infrastructure facilities to the city dwellers due to this horizontal expansion. The present study intends to explore the relationship between the physical densities of the housing settlements and urban sprawl. Most of the informal settlements are being developed on the government vacant land and wetlands inside or in the periphery of the city which have been reserved by the government for different purposes. In order to stop the encroachment by the informal settlers, there is a need to develop housing block with high physical densities and good spatial qualities. Most of the informal settlements in Dhaka city are comprised of single storied houses and mostly dense due to the close distance among the houses. The usability of spaces inside the block is not efficient because most of the spaces inside the block are covered by buildings. In order to increase the efficiency of space there is a need to analyze the physical density, in terms of Floor Area Ratio (FAR) and percentage of land coverage by buildings. Here FAR means the ratio between the built up area and the total land area including communal spaces and streets belonging to the block. The close distance among the houses and inefficient use of spaces inside the block hinder the spatial qualities of the houses. The analysis of spatial qualities, in terms of cross ventilation, provision of daylight and possibility to use outdoor space inside the block are necessary to recommend the housing block with good spatial qualities On the other hand most of the people in the informal housing settlements are poor. They are not able to afford high cost houses. So there is a need to recommend houses which are low in cost and can be affordable by the urban low income people. 1
Page 1 and 2: KTH Architecture and the Built Envi
Page 3 and 4: CHAPTER 6: FINAL ANALYSIS..........
Page 5: ABSTRACT Md. Syful Islam: Physical
Page 9 and 10: Habraken (1998:292-93) states that,
Page 11 and 12: Since the study is dealing with the
Page 13 and 14: Banani Model Town residential area
Page 15 and 16: Applied Procedure to calculate land
Page 17 and 18: CHAPTER 2 THEORY OF THE CONCEPTUAL
Page 19 and 20: crowded and unsuitable environments
Page 21 and 22: unrealistic because tall buildings
Page 23 and 24: Carlos Barquin et. el. (1986) emplo
Page 25 and 26: Fig 2.7: Cluster of Informal settle
Page 27 and 28: Figure 3.1: Physical growth of Dhak
Page 29 and 30: Until 1951, Bangladesh was almost c
Page 31 and 32: 3.5 Land use pattern of Dhaka city
Page 33 and 34: construction is illegal while squat
Page 35 and 36: even accuse RAJUK, the most promine
Page 37 and 38: CUS, the number of informal settlem
Page 39 and 40: Figure 3.9: Ratio of formal and inf
Page 41 and 42: CHAPTER 4 FINDINGS FROM THE INFORMA
Page 43 and 44: Spatial qualities Spatial qualities
Page 45 and 46: settlement are selling their daily
Page 47 and 48: The houses are very close to one an
Page 49 and 50: Figure 4.15: The space inside the h
Page 51 and 52: It can be seen from the findings of
Page 53 and 54: 5.2 Shobhanbagh officers’ colony
Page 55 and 56: . Figure 5.4: Aerial photograph of
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CHAPTER 6 FINAL ANALYSIS Chapters 4
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narrow roads for drying and washing
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CHAPTER 7 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCL
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of proper monitoring in housing mar
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Nnaggenda-Musana A., (2004), Sprawl
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Physical Density and Urban Sprawl: A Case of Dhaka City - KTH

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