Splintered Lives - Barnardo's

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working group comprising those who already have some form of data base, and practitioners and researchers. Additional recommendations (adapted from Council of Europe documentation) we support in the creation of knowledge are: �� the nature and extent of various forms of sexual exploitation, with a cross cultural view; �� structure, international networks, interconnections and earnings of the sex industry; �� the links between sex industry and organised crime; �� links between sexual abuse in the family and prostitution and pornography; �� who the consumers of child pornography and customers of child prostitution are; �� examination of the connections between residential care and involvement in the sex industry; �� outlining and evaluation of innovative approaches to working with children and young people who are, and have been, involved in the sex industry; �� the role of the criminal justice system in the prevention and repression of sexual exploitation. One issue which emerged during the research for this paper was the contention by some that boys are more likely targets for sexual abuse rings, and the differential attention to boys, in research, policing and prosecution. One key topic is, therefore, the many ways in which gender is a factor in sexual exploitation (see earlier discussion on paedophilia). At least one analyst (Good, 1992), and some defence lawyers have suggested that witnessing pornography could be the cause of children's distress which has attributed to sexual abuse by clinicians. We need research on the impacts of various contacts with pornography, in order that this is not used as way of questioning diagnoses of child sexual abuse. We still do not know enough about the impacts of being involved in sexual exploitation, and more work needs to be done on the development of effective routes out. PAGE 75 chapter 13
PAGE 76 chapter 13 Gaps in Legislation, Policy and Practice The Council of Europe (1991) document offers a basic outline of what is needed. We produce it in summary form here and note further additions. The outline begins from the need for best practice in relation to children giving evidence about sexual abuse in court to be extended to all sexual exploitation cases. These include: confidentiality in legal processes; special conditions for giving testimony; access to compensation; and provision for seizure and confiscation of proceeds from offenses. They then make the following specific recommendations. Child pornography: �� appropriate sanctions, penal sentences for possession; �� improved detection where two or more countries are involved; �� public access to information about current prosecutions. Child prostitution: �� making resources available to track those involved, including mobile welfare units24; �� identifying and sanctioning those who foster or encourage and customers; �� special units within the police; �� dissuade travel agencies from promoting sex tourism; �� vocational and reintegration schemes for children and young people. Supervision of agencies which might be involved in trafficking is also called for including artistic, marriage, and adoption agencies. Measures against trafficking also include recommendations for immigration and frontier checks of children, where they are not accompanied by parent or guardian (here we would need to ensure that such powers are not used to reinforce racist enforcement practices). These would be backed up by the provision of a service for children/young people who have been trafficked with range of options available to them, since there may be no safe context to return them to in their country of origin or they may not wish to return. Particular measures which would enable their residence to be legalised and provisions for education, social and health support need to be in place. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 24. The wording of this point in the document refers to 'inspections', 'surveillance' and 'control' of areas, an approach which we regard as problematic, and unlikely to be perceived as helpful by young people themselves.
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Splintered Lives: Sexual exploitati
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Foreword Chapter One: Chapter Two:
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our eyes to the way pornography is
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abuse at the hands of the males emp
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odies adopt a form and content whic
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�� [To] further develop knowled
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pictures of (usually) white childre
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oth for consumers and producers. Th
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former will limit the definition be
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have devised a wide definition of c
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abuse, including that in the family
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Figure 1 chapter 5 PAGE 21
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enjoying it - and that a significan
Page 28 and 29: their membership was estimated as 5
Page 30 and 31: forms of sexual abuse, stressing ch
Page 32 and 33: Britain Recent case examples 1986:
Page 34 and 35: I increases and decreases within au
Page 36 and 37: and 334 children (296 girls and 38
Page 38 and 39: my bedroom of pornographic literatu
Page 40 and 41: imagery. Whilst the Unit had not se
Page 42 and 43: had abused (O'Grady, 1992). 1992/3/
Page 44 and 45: American research Trudee Able-Peter
Page 46 and 47: I ...stunning amounts of sexual abu
Page 48 and 49: y an in-flight card which was provi
Page 50 and 51: Two days later she died - aged 11/1
Page 52 and 53: PAGE 49 chapter 7
Page 54 and 55: oy ”doing everything", whilst at
Page 56 and 57: their experience, for example, badn
Page 58 and 59: Child prostitution �� having to
Page 60 and 61: ...they are able to understand that
Page 62 and 63: There are a variety of ways in whic
Page 64 and 65: Maggie O'Neill's (1995) action rese
Page 68 and 69: 1 (1) (a) "It is an offence to take
Page 70 and 71: Japan: is similar to many other sta
Page 72 and 73: were drawn from a local community,
Page 76 and 77: Detached Intervention Team) a Barna
Page 80 and 81: The COE also supports moves to make
Page 84 and 85: �� Recognition that so long as
Page 88 and 89: Cantwell, Nigel (1995) 'Internation
Page 90 and 91: Finkelhor, David, Meyer Williams, L
Page 92 and 93: Kelly, Liz and Scott, Sara (1993) '
Page 94 and 95: Osanka, Franklin and Johann, Sara (
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Splintered Lives - Barnardo's

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