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Organization of the logistic chain in the Chinese international trade By 2020, container terminals will have a total capacity of over 200 M TEU. The aggregate traffic capacity of coastal ports shall reach about 6.4 billion tons. A. Seaports and Infrastructure By the end of 2003, there were more than 130 ports in China opened to foreign vessels. Over 80.000 foreign-flag vessels are calling every year to Chinese ports. There are over 3.300 productive berths in coastal ports with a total handling capacity of 1,7 billion tons. Among them, 745 are deep water berths, with a handling capacity of 10.000 tons each. The tonnage of China’s international maritime transport fleet is over 44 million DWT, ranking No.5 in the world. China’s Top 10 Container Ports (Million TEU) Main Ports Container throughput Jan-set 2006 Container throughput 2005 Container throughput 2004 Growth 2004-2005 Growth 2003-2004 Shanghai 15,96 18,08 14,6 23.8% 29% Shenzhen 13,41 16,19 13,7 18.2% 28.2% Qingdao 5,64 6,30 5,1 23.5% 21.3% Ningbo 5,17 5,20 4,0 30.0% 44.5% Tianjin 4.34 4,80 3,8 26.3% 26.5% Guangzhou 4.80 4,68 3,3 39.4% 19.5% Xiamen 2.90 3,34 2,9 13.8% 23.2% Dalian 2.33 2,65 2,2 18.2% 32.4% Zhongshan 0.80 1,07 0.9 11.1% 22.1% Fuzhou - -- 0.7 - 18.6% Lianyungang 0.90 1.00 -- 100% -- Source: China Ministry of Communications Top 10 Chinese Coastal Ports in Cargo Throughput (2004) Main Ports Freight handled Number of Length of (Million tons) berths (units) Quay line (m) Shanghai 379,0 197 24.046 Ningbo 225,9 79 10.042 Guangzhou 215,2 133 14.645 Tianjin 206,2 114 20.324 Qingdao 162,7 55 12.788 Qinghuangdao 150.3 57 10.077 Dalian 145,2 223 30.715 Shenzhen 135.3 -- -- Zhoushan 73.5 -- -- Fuzhou 59.3 -- -- Source: China Statistical Yearbook 2005, The report on China’s shipping development 2004 CEIBS Port of Barcelona Chair of Logistics 13
Organization of the logistic chain in the Chinese international trade B. Leading shipping Lines By the end of 2004, 153 shipping companies were authorized to engage international liner services in Chinese mainland ports, of which 113 were overseas companies. Shipping Companies and Operators in China Company Type Total number Joint Ventures Shipping companies 245 30 NVOCC 1600 240 International Shipping agencies >1000 17 Source: Report on China’s Shipping development 2004 Driven by the strong demand for container transport from China, the world’s main liner carriers have increased their capacities by launching new services and by increasing the number of ports they call. Rank of container fleet capacities of Chinese carriers - December 2004 Company Name Total carrying capacity Number of Slots (1.000 vessels TEU) China Ocean Shipping (Group) Company 118 (46) 290,7 China Shipping (Group) Company 134 (83) 257,2 China National Foreign Trade Trans (group) Corp. 86 (49) 29,8 Shandong Yantai International Marine Shipping co. 37 (10) 24,4 SITC Container Lines Co. Ltd. 22 (3) 16,65 Min Sheng Shipping Co. Ltd. 37 (37) 6,7 Shanghai Haihua Shipping Co. Ltd. 11 (1) 6,4 China Changjiang National Shipping Group 47 (46) 5,9 Shanghai Jihai Shippping Co. Ltd. 41 (41) 5,0 Shanghai Jinjiang Shipping Co. Ltd. 7(2) 4,1 Source: Report on China’s Shipping development 2004. Bracketed numbers indicate Chinese-flag carrying capacity Major solely overseas owned Shipping Companies- December 2004 Company Name Country Subsidiaries Maerks (China) Shipping Co. Ltd. Denmark 14 American President Lines (China) Co. Ltd. U.S.A 14 Orient Overseas Container Line (China) Co. Ltd. Hong Kong 13 NYK Line (China) Co. Ltd. Japan 8 Pacific International Lines (China) Limited Singapore 8 P&O Nedlloyd (China) Co. Ltd. Netherlands 6 Hanjin Shipping (China) Co. Ltd. Korea 6 CMA CGM (China) Shipping Co. Ltd. France 5 Hyundai Merchant Marine (China) Co. Ltd. Korea 4 Hapag-Lloyd (China) Co. Ltd. Germany 4 Wallenius Wilhelmesen Lines (China) Co. Ltd. Norway 1 Source: Report on China’s Shipping development 2004 CEIBS Port of Barcelona Chair of Logistics 14
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