Molecular and cellular magnetic resonance contrast agents 6. Gibby, W.A., Bogdan, A,, Ovitt, T.W. (1989) Cross-linked DTPA polysaccharides for magneticresonance imaging - synthesis and relaxation properties Invest. Radiol. 24, 302-309. 7. Wang, S.-C., Wikström, M.S., White, D.L., et al. (1990) Evaluation of Gd-DTPA-labelled dextran as an intravascular MR contrast agent: imaging characteristics in normal rat tissues. Radiology 175, 483- 488. 8. Unger, E.C., Shen, D.-K., Fritz, T.A. (1993) Status of liposomes as MR contrast agents. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 3, 195-198. 9. T<strong>ru</strong>betskoy, V.S., Canillo, J.A., Milshtein, A,, Wolf, G.L., Torchilin, V.P. (1995) Controlled delivery of Gd-containing liposomes to lymph nodes - surface modification may enhance MRI contrast properties. Magn. Reson. Imaging 13, 31-37. 10. Storrs, R.W., Tropper, F.D., Li, H.Y., et al. (1995) Paramagnetic polymerised liposomes as new recirculating MR contrast agents. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 5, 719-724. 11. Wiener, E.C., Brechbiel, M.W., Brothers, H. et al. (1994) <strong>De</strong>ndrimer-based metal chelates - a new class of magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. Magn. Reson. Med. 31, 1-8. 12. Bryant, L.H., Brechbiel, M.W., Wu, C., Bulte, J.W.M., Herynek, V., Frank, J.A. (1999) Synthesis and relaxometry of high-generation (G = 5, 7, 9, and 10) PAMAM dendrimer-DOTA-gadolinium chelates. J, Magn. Reson. Imaging 9, 348-352. 13. Bulte, J.W.M., Wu, C., Brechbiel, M.W., Brooks, R.A., Vymazal, J., Holla, M., Frank, J.A. (1998) Dy- DOTA-PAMAM dendrimers as macromolecular T2 contrast agents: preparation and relaxometry. Invest. Radiol. 33, 841-845. 14. Zaharchuk, G., Bogdanov, A.A., Marota, J.J.A., et al. (1998) Continuous assessment of perfusion by tagging including volume and water extraction (CAPTIVE): A steady-state contrast agent technique for measuring blood flow, relative blood volume fraction, and the water extraction fraction. Magn. Reson. Med. 40, 666-678. 15. Stark, D.D., Weissleder, R., Elizondo, G, et al (1988). Superparamagnetic iron oxide: clinical application as a contrast agent for MR imaging of the liver. Radiology 168, 297-301. 16. Shen, T., Weissleder, R., Papisov, M., Bogdanov, A,, Brady, T.J. (1993) Monocrystalline iron oxide nanocompounds (MION): Physicochemical properties. Magn. Reson. Med. 29, 599-604. 17. Bulte, J.W.M, and Brooks, R.A. (1997) Magnetic nanoparticles as contrast agents for MR imaging, in U. Häfeli, W. Schiitt, J. Teller, M. Zborowksi (eds.), Scientific and clinical applications of magnetic carriers, Plenum Press, New York, pp. 527-543. 18. Ktihler, G., Milstein, C. (1975). Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity. Nature 256, 495-497. 19. Mach, J.P., Buchegger, F., Forni, M. et al. (1981). Use of radiolabelled monoclonal anti-CEA antibodies for the detection of human carcinomas by external photoscanning and tornoscintigraphy. Immunol. Today 2,239-249. 20. Larson, S.M., Brown, J.P., Wright, P.W., Carrasquillo, J.A., Hellstrom, I., Hellstrom, K.E. (1983). Imaging of melanoma with 1-13 I-labeled monoclonal-antibodies J. Nucl. Med. 24, 123-129. 21. Moldofsky, P.J., Sears, H.F., Mulhern Jr., C.B., et al. (1984). <strong>De</strong>tection of metastatic tumour in normal-sized retroperitoneal lymph nodes by monoclonal antibody imaging. N. Engl. J. Med. 3 11, 106-107. 22. Unger, E.C., Totty, W.G., Neufeld, D.M., et al. (1985). Magnetic resonance imaging using gadolinium labelled monoclonal antibody. Invest Radiol. 20, 693-700. 23. Curtet, C, Tellier, C., Bohy, J., et al. (1986). Selective modification of NMR relaxation time in human colorectal carcinoma by using gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid conjugated with monoclonal antibody 19-9. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83, 4277-4281. 24. <strong>And</strong>erson-Berg, W.T., Strand, M., Lempert, T.E., Rosenbaum, A.E., Joseph, P.M. (1986). Nuclear magnetic resonance and gamma camera tumour imaging using gadolinium-labelled monoclonal antibodies. J. Nucl. Med. 27, 829-833. 25. Macri, M.A., <strong>De</strong> Luca, F., Maraviglia, B., et al. (1989). Study of proton spin lattice relaxation variation induced by paramagnetic antibodies. Magn. Reson. Med. 11, 283-287. 26. Shreve, P., Aisen, A.M. (1986) Monoclonal antibodies labelled with polymeric paramagnetic ion chelates Magn. Reson. Med 3, 336-340. 27. Göhr-Rosenthal, S., Schmitt-Willich, H., Ebert, W., Conrad, J. (1993) The demonstration of human tumours on nude mice using gadolinium-labelled monoclonal antibodies for magnetic resonance imaging. Invest Radiol. 28 ,789-795. 207
J.W.M. Bulte and L.H. Bryant Jr. 28. Curtet, C., Maton, F., Havet, T., et al. (1998) Polylysine-Gd-DTPAn and polylysine-Gd-DOTAn coupled to anti-CEA F(ab’)2 fragments as potential immunocontrast agents - relaxometry, biodistribution, and magnetic resonance imaging in nude mice grafted with human colorectal carcinoma. Invest Radiol 33, 752-761. 29. Kornguth, S.E., Turski, P.A., Perman, W.H., et al. (1987). Magnetic resonance imaging of gadoliniumlabelled monoclonal antibody polymers directed at human T lymphocytes implanted in canine brain, J. Neurosurg. 66,898-906. 30. Nunn, A.D., Linder, K.E., Tweedle, M.F. (1997) Can receptors be imaged with MRI agents? Quart. J. Nucl. Med. 41, 155-162. 3 1. Wu, C., Brechbiel, M.W., Kozak, R.W., Gansow, O.A. (1994) Metal-chelate-dendrimer-antibody const<strong>ru</strong>cts for use in radioimmunotherapy and imaging. Biorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 4, 449-454. 32. Wiener, E.C., Konda, S., Shadron, A,, et al. (1997) Targeting dendrimer-chelates to tumours and tumour cells expressing the high-affinity folate receptor. Invest Radiol 32, 748-754. 33. Sipkins, D.A., Cheresh, D.A., Kazemi, M.R., Nevin, L.M., Bednarski, M.D., Li, K.C.P. (1998) <strong>De</strong>tection of tumour angiogenesis in vivo by avb3-targeted magnetic resonance imaging. Nature Medicine 4, 623-626. 34. <strong>And</strong>erson, S.A., Rader, R.K., Westlin, W.F. et al. (2000) Magnetic resonance contrast enhancement of neovasculature with avb3-targeted nanoparticles. Magn. Reson. Med. 44, 433-439. 35. Lanza, G.M., Lorenz, C.H., Fischer, S.E., et al. (1998) Enhanced detection of thrombi with a novel fibrin-targeted magnetic resonance contrast agent. Acad. Radiology 5, S 173-S 176. 36. Sanderson, C.J., Wilson, D.V (1971) A simple method for coupling proteins to insoluble polysaccharides. Immunology 20, 1061-1065. 37. Dutton, A.H., Tokuyasu, K.T, Singer, S.J. (1979) Iron-dextran antibody conjugates: general method for simultaneous staining of two components in high-resolution immunoelectron microscopy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76, 3392-3396. 38. Weissleder, R., Lee A.S., Fischman. A.J. et al. (1991) Polyclonal human immunoglobulin G labelled with polymeric iron oxide: antibody MR imaging. Radiology 181, 245-249. 39. Weissleder, R., Lee, AS., Khaw, B.A., Shen, T., Brady, T.J. (1992) Antimyosin-labelled monocrystalline iron oxide allows detection of myocardial infarct: MR antibody imaging. Radiology 40. Remsen, L.G., McCormick, C.I., Roman-Goldstein, S. et. al. (1996) MR of carcinoma-specific monoclonal antibody conjugated to monocrystalline iron oxide nanoparticles: the potential for noninvasive diagnosis. Amer. J. Neuroradiol. I7 ,411-4 18. 41, Bulte, J.W.M., Verkuyl, J.M., Herynek, V., et al. (1998) Magnetoimmunodetection of (transfected) ICAM-1 gene expression. Proceedings of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, Sixth Annual Meeting, Sydney, Australia: 307. 42. Bulte, J.W.M., Zhang, S.-C., van Gelderen, et al. (1999) Neurotransplantation of magnetically labelled oligodendrocyte progenitors: MR tracking of cell migration and myelination. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 43. Renshaw PF, Owen CS, Evans AE, Leigh Jr JS (1986) Immunospecific NMR contrast agents. Magn Reson Imaging 4, 351-357. 44. Cerdan, S., Lötscher, H.R., Künnecke, B., Seelig, J. (1989) Monoclonal antibody-coated magnetite particles as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging of tumours. Magn. Reson. Med. 12, 151- 45. 182, 381-385. USA 96, 15256-15261. 163. Suwa, T., Ozawa, S., Ueda, M., <strong>And</strong>o, N., Kitajama, M (1998) magnetic resonance imaging of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma using magnetite particles coated with ant-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody. Int. J. Cancer 75, 626-634. 46. Bulte, J.W.M., Hoekstra, Y., Kamman, R.L., et al. (1992) Specific MR imaging of human lymphocytes by monoclonal antibody guided dextran-magnetite particles. Magn Reson Med 25, 148-157. 47. Tiefenauer, L.X., Kühne, G., <strong>And</strong>res, R.Y. (1993) Antibody-magnetite nanoparticles: in vitro characterisation of a potential tumour-specific contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging. Bioconj Chem 4 ,341-352. 48. Tiefenauer, L.X., Tschirky, A,, Kllhne, G., <strong>And</strong>res, R.Y., (1996) In vivo evaluation of magnetite nanoparticles for use as a tumour contrast agent in MRI. Magn Reson Imaging 14,391-402. 49. Wiener, E.C., Konda, S., Shadron, A,, et al. (1997) Targeting dendrimer-chelates to tumours and tumour cells expressing the high-affinity folate receptor. Invest Radiol 32, 748-754. 208
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PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY BASIS OF BIOT
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Physics and Chemistry Basis of Biot
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EDITORS PREFACE At the end of the 2
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TABLE OF CONTENTS EDITORS PREFACE .
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4.3. Expression and functionality .
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2 . Magnetically labelled antibodie
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6.1. Instrumental characterisation
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BIOMIMETIC MATERIALS SYNTHESIS Abst
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Biomimetic materials synthesis cont
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Biomimetic materials synthesis 3. I
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Biomimetic materials synthesis The
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Biomimetic materials synthesis 3.2.
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Biomimetic materials synthesis 3.5.
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Biomimetic materials synthesis In t
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Biomimetic materials synthesis The
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Biomimetic materials synthesis Othe
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Biomimetic materials synthesis on s
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Biomimetic materials synthesis form
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Biomimetic materials synthesis poly
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Biomimetic materials synthesis anal
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Biomimetic materials synthesis Figu
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Biomimetic materials synthesis Sinc
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Biomimetic materials synthesis inte
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Biomimetic materials synthesis 42.
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Biomimetic materials synthesis 88.
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Biomimetic materials synthesis 136.
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DENDRIMERS: Chemical principles and
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Dendrimers: Chemical principles and
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Dendrimers: Chemical principles and
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Dendrimers: Chemical principles and
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Dendrimers: Chemical principles and
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Dendrimers: Chemical principles and
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Dendrimers: Chemical principles and
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Dendrimers: Chemical principles and
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Dendrimers: Chemical principles and
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RATIONAL DESIGN OF P450 ENZYMES FOR
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Rational design of P450 enzymes for
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Rational design of P450 enzymes for
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Rational design of P450 enzymes for
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Rational design of P450 enzymes for
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Rational design of P450 enzymes for
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Rational design of P450 enzymes for
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Rational design of P450 enzymes for
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Rational design of P450 enzymes for
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Rational design of P450 enzymes for
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Rational design of P450 enzymes for
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Rational design of P450 enzymes for
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Rational design of P450 enzymes for
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Rational design of P450 enzymes for
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Rational design of P450 enzymes for
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Rational design of P450 enzymes for
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Rational design of P450 enzymes for
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AMPEROMETRIC ENZYME-BASED BIOSENSOR
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Amperometric enzyme-based biosensor
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Amperometric enzyme-based biosensor
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Amperometric enzyme-based biosensor
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Amperometric enzyme-based biosensor
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Amperometric enzyme-based biosensor
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Amperometric enzyme-based biosensor
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Amperometric enzyme-based biosensor
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Amperometric enzyme-based biosensor
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Amperometric enzyme-based biosensor
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Amperometric enzyme-based biosensor
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Amperometric enzyme-based biosensor
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Amperometric enzyme-based biosensor
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SUPPORTED LIPID MEMBRANES FOR RECON
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Supported lipid membranes for recon
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Supported lipid membranes for recon
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Supported lipid membranes for recon
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Supported lipid membranes for recon
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Supported lipid membranes for recon
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Supported lipid membranes for recon
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Supported lipid membranes for recon
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Supported lipid membranes for recon
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Supported lipid membranes for recon
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Supported lipid membranes for recon
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Supported lipid membranes for recon
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Supported lipid membranes for recon
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Radiation-induced bioradicals: phys
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Radiation-induced bioradicals: phys
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RADIATION-INDUCED BIORADICALS: Tech
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Radiation-induced bioradicals: tech
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Radiation-induced bioradicals: tech
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Radiation-induced bioradicals: tech
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Radiation-induced bioradicals: tech
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Radiation-induced bioradicals: tech
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Radiation-induced bioradicals: tech
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Radiation-induced bioradicals: tech
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References Radiation-induced biorad
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Radiation-induced bioradicals: tech
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Radiation-induced bioradicals: tech
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Radiation-induced bioradicals: tech
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Radiation-induced bioradicals: tech
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Radiation-induced bioradicals: tech
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AROMA MEASUREMENT: Recent developme
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Aroma measurement: recent developme
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Aroma measurement: recent developme
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Aroma measurement: recent developme
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Aroma measurement: recent developme
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Aroma measurement: recent developme
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Aroma measurement: recent developme
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Aroma measurement: recent developme
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Aroma measurement: recent developme
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Aroma measurement: recent developme
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Aroma measurement: recent developme
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62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73
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INDEX albumin.... 122,151, 198, 206
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frog embryo .......................
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P-32 ..............................