Annual Report 2010 - Baltika Breweries

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OAO Baltika Breweries and subsidiaries
is accounted for as an equity-accounted investee or as an available-forsale
financial asset depending on the level of influence retained.
(iv) Investments in associates (equity accounted investees)
Associates are those entities in which the Group has significant
influence, but not control, over the financial and operating policies.
Significant influence is presumed to exist when the Group holds between
20 % and 50 % of the voting power of another entity. Joint ventures
are those entities over whose activities the Group has joint control,
established by contractual agreement and requiring unanimous consent
for strategic financial and operating decisions.
Investments in associates are accounted for using the equity method
and are recognised initially at coSt. The cost of the investment includes
transaction costs.
The consolidated financial statements include the Group’s share of the
income and expenses and equity movements of equity accounted
investees, after adjustments to align the accounting policies with those
of the Group, from the date that significant influence commences until
the date that significant influence ceases.
When the Group’s share of losses exceeds its interest in an equity
accounted investee, the carrying amount of that interest including
any long-term investments is reduced to zero and the recognition
of further losses is discontinued, except to the extent that the Group
has an obligation or has made payments on behalf of the investee.
(v) Transactions eliminated on consolidation
Intra-group balances and transactions, and any unrealised income
and expenses arising from intra-group transactions, are eliminated
in preparing the consolidated financial statements. Unrealised
gains arising from transactions with equity-accounted investees are
eliminated against the investment to the extent of the Group’s interest
in the investee. Unrealised losses are eliminated in the same way
as unrealised gains, but only to the extent that there is no evidence
of impairment.
(b) Foreign currencies
(i) Foreign currency transactions
Transactions in foreign currencies are translated to the respective
functional currencies of Group entities at exchange rates at the dates
of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated
in foreign currencies at the reporting date are retranslated to the
functional currency at the exchange rate at that date. The foreign
currency gain or loss on monetary items is the difference between
amortised cost in the functional currency at the beginning of the period,
adjusted for effective interest and payments during the period, and the
amortised cost in foreign currency translated at the exchange rate at the
end of the reporting period.
Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign
currencies that are measured at fair value are retranslated to the
functional currency at the exchange rate at the date that the fair value
was determined. Non-monetary items in a foreign currency that are
measured in terms of historical cost are translated using the exchange
rate at the date of the transaction. Foreign currency differences arising
in retranslation are recognised in profit or loss, except for differences
arising on the retranslation of available-for-sale equity instruments which
are recognised in other comprehensive income.
(ii) Foreign operations
The assets and liabilities of foreign operations, including goodwill and
fair value adjustments arising on acquisition, are translated to RUB
at the exchange rate at the reporting date. The income and expenses
of foreign operations are translated to RUB at exchange rates at the
dates of the transactions.
Foreign currency differences are recognised in other comprehensive
income. Since 1 January 2004, the Group’s date of transition to IFRSs,
such differences have been recognised in the foreign currency
translation reserve in equity. However, if the operation is a non-
wholly-owned subsidiary, then the relevant proportionate share of the
translation difference is allocated to the non-controlling interests. When
a foreign operation is disposed of such that control, significant influence
or joint control is lost, the cumulative amount in the translation reserve
related to that foreign operation is reclassified to profit or loss as part
of the gain or loss on disposal. When the Group disposes of only part
of its interest in a subsidiary that includes a foreign operation while
retaining control, the relevant proportion of the cumulative amount
is reattributed to non-controlling interests. When the Group disposes
of only part of its investment in an associate or joint venture that
includes a foreign operation while retaining significant influence or joint
control, the relevant proportion of the cumulative amount is reclassified
to profit or loss.
When the settlement of a monetary item receivable from or payable
to a foreign operation is neither planned nor likely in the foreseeable
future, foreign exchange gains and losses arising from such a monetary
item are considered to form part of a net investment in a foreign
operation and are recognised in other comprehensive income, and
presented in the translation reserve in equity.
(c) Financial instruments
(i) Non-derivative financial instruments
Non-derivative financial instruments comprise investments in equity
securities, trade and other receivables, cash and cash equivalents,
loans and borrowings, and trade and other payables.
The Group initially recognises loans and receivables and deposits on the
date that they are originated. All other financial assets are recognised
initially on the trade date at which the Group becomes a party to the
contractual provisions of the instrument.
The Group derecognises a financial asset when the contractual
rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or it transfers the
rights to receive the contractual cash flows on the financial asset
in a transaction in which substantially all the risks and rewards
of ownership of the financial asset are transferred. Any interest
in transferred financial assets that is created or retained by the Group
is recognised as a separate asset or liability.
Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount presented
in the statement of financial position when, and only when, the Group
has a legal right to offset the amounts and intends either to settle on
a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
The Group classifies non-derivative financial assets into the following
categories: loans and receivables and available-for-sale financial assets.
Loans and receivables
Loans and receivables are a category of financial assets with fixed
or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market.
Such assets are recognised initially at fair value plus any directly
attributable transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition loans and
receivables are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest
method, less any impairment losses. Loans and receivables comprise
the following classes of assets: loans and receivables as presented
in note 15 and trade and other receivables as presented in note 18.
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash balances, deposits and
highly liquid investments with maturities at initial recognition of three
months or less.
Available-for-sale financial assets
Available-for-sale financial assets are non-derivative financial assets
that are designated as available-for-sale or are not classified in any
of the above categories of financial assets. Such assets are recognised
initially at fair value plus any directly attributable transaction costs.
Subsequent to initial recognition, they are measured at fair value and
changes therein, other than impairment losses (see note 3(i)(i)) and
foreign currency differences on available-for-sale debt instruments
(see note 3(b)(i)), are recognised in other comprehensive income and