international bibliography of vegetation maps - KU ScholarWorks ...

SOUTH AMERICA
A. Amazon formations
1. Constantly humid and variably humid evergreen equatorial Amazon
forest. Tree canopy of 40-60 meters: Bertholletia excelsa . . .
Mimusops amazónica; epiphytes of the families: Orchidaceae . . .
Lentibulariaceae
2. Upper Amazon flooded (waterlogged) constantly humid evergreen
equatorial forest. Trees: Alchornea castaneijolia . . . Cecropia, sp.;
also palms: Iriartea exonhiza . . . Taenianthera
3. Lower Amazon flooded equatorial, constantly humid evergreen
forest combined with swamp and meadow. Trees: Salix martiana
... Platymiscium ulei
4. Evergreen tropical gallery forest. Low trees: Kielmeyerea coriácea
... Qualea; also palms: Syagrus flexuosa and Acrocomia sclerocarpa
5. Open woodland, scrub and savanna in the Amazon forest. Trees:
Tecoma caraiba, etc.; grasses: Imperata brasiliensis, etc.
B. Venezuelan formations
6. Venezuelan variably humid (monsoonal) evergreen equatorial forest.
Trees: Dimorphandra excelsa . . . Tabebuia serratijolia; in
open areas, palms: Mauri tia, etc.
7. Colombian-Venezuelan constantly humid evergreen forest. Trees:
Ceiba pentandra . . . Bixa; epiphytes of the families: Orchidaceae,
etc.
C. Brazilian-Atlantic formations
8. Uruguayan-Brazilian variably humid evergreen tropical forest.
Trees: Cedrela fissilis . . . Rapanea balansae; sometimes groups of
tree-like ferns (Alsophila atrovirens). Occasional open woodland
and savanna
9. East Brazilian-Atlantic variably humid evergreen tropical forest.
Trees: Caesalpinia echinata . . . Diplotropis
10. South Brazilian moderately humid evergreen tropical mountain forest.
Trees: Piptadenia macrocarpa .. .Tabebuia
11. East Brazilian mountain forest with deciduous trees. Forest canopy
20-30 meters (at upper limit 8-12 m): Meriania claussenii . . .
Griselinia ruscifolia; grasses: Trachypogon polymorphus . . ,
Chusquea pinifolia; lianas and herbs: Ditassa myrtilloides . . .
Cereus obtusangulus; in open places: Melinia glaziovii, etc.
12. East Brazilian variably humid tropical forest combined with secondary
tall-grass savanna. Trees: Aspidosperma etc.; grasses:
Trachypogon, etc.
D. Andean formations
13. Colombian-Peruvian constantly humid evergreen equatorial and
tropical mountain forest of the hot zone (tierra caliente). Forest
canopy at 25-33 meters: Castilloa elástica . . . Cecropia; lianas:
Hyppocratea ovata . . . Haemadictyon riedelii; epiphytic orchids,
ferns, mosses, lichens
14. Colombian variably humid tropical mountain forest combined with
tall-grass savanna. Forest canopy: Cedrela . . . Sapium; palms:
Oreodoxa . . . Ceroxylon andicolum; shrubs: Roupala complicata,
etc.
15. Tucuman-Bolivian moderately humid tropical mountain forest of
the hot zone (tierra caliente). Forest canopy at 20-40 meters:
Tipuana tipu, etc.
16. Peruvian-Ecuadorian variably humid equatorial and tropical mountain
forest of the temperate and cold zones (tierra templada and
tierra fria). Trees: Siparuna boliviensis . . . Cinchona; lianas:
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