INONDATION AU BéNIN - Rapport d'évaluation des ... - GFDRR

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INONDATION AU Bénin - Rapport d’évaluation des Besoins Post Catastrophe Foreword and Acknowledgements The present Post Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA) was prepared by a team from the Government of the Benin one with the support of the World Bank and United Nations. 1. We are pleased to to present the results of this joint evaluation of post-catastrophe needs following the floods of 2010 in Benin. This evaluation was carried out in response to a request in October 2010 by the Government of the Benin to the World Bank and United Nations. The evaluation mission was conducted from November 18 to December 13, 2010 in Cotonou, its peri-urban zone, and other areas of the country hit by floods. 2. The exercise presents several advances in the following ways: - Coordination and cooperation. Under the coordination of the Ministry of the Development, the World Bank, the United Nations, and the European Commission concerted their efforts and resources to contribute to this joint evaluation. - An adapted approach to the realities and specifics of Benin’s context: In addition to the evaluation of damages and losses that normally constitute the central part of a PDNA, the analysis of the needs in each sector were extended to an action plan to address the reconstruction requirements and reduction of risks for the future, which are quantified along priority strategic areas of intervention. - A strategy of reduction of the flooding risks in the medium and long terms. This strategy integrates both measures that deal with infrastructure and non-infrastructure requirements, such as institutional support to disaster risk management. 3. The work accomplished by the various thematic groups presents: • A multisectorial overview of the damages and losses caused by the 2010 floods in Benin as well as an estimation of global impact of the disaster on the economic and social development of the country; and, • An action plan for the reconstruction and risk reduction in the short, medium, and long term to address Government priorities as well as a general strategy of institutional strengthening to reinforce and management of the risks and disasters in sectoral development strategies. 4. The present PDNA presents concrete responses in terms of action plans that must be implemented without delay, in order to relieve affected populations, who become more vulnerable year after year. 5. In the days that followed the floods, the first evaluations of the damages were undertaken by the various agencies of the United Nations. These initial evaluations contributed greatly to the present report and the drafting team is extremely grateful for the work they provided. In addition, we are grateful to the World Bank, in particular to the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) and its financial contributors namely AusAID, Norway, Sweden and Luxembourg. We also wish to thanks the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and to the Delegation of the European Commission for their technical and financial support for the preparation and publication of the report of this PDNA. - 8 -
INONDATION AU Bénin - Rapport d’évaluation des Besoins Post Catastrophe Executive Summary Estimate of the damage and losses Context In August, 2010, torrential rains and severe flooding hit Benin. The floods caused extensive damage to housing, schools, health centers, roads, market places, places of worship, drinking water supply, sanitation, and other goods and public services. With a view to collect detailed data on the damage and losses caused by the disaster and thus determine the needs for rehabilitation and reconstruction by sector, the Government of Benin through the Ministry of Prospective, Development and Evaluation of Public policies and Coordination of the Government Action (MPDEPP-CAG) invited the World Bank (WB) to prepare a joint mission for the Post Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA) together with the agencies of the United Nations represented by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the delegation of the European Union. The objective of the joint assessment mission is to identify the structural causes of the floods with the ultimate aim to develop medium and long term effective flood-reduction strategies and to avoid the recurrence of future flooding. This evaluation focused mainly on the areas of agriculture (including livestock and fisheries), food security, nonagricultural livelihoods, and urban environment (housing, sanitation, drainage, wastewater and solid waste management). An important issue was –strengthening- the capacity of flood risk management (in terms of prevention, risk and response capacity reductions) and governance (improvement of the regulatory framework, greater accountability of the local communities). The assessment itself took place in three phases: • The first phase focused on the causes and effects of the 2010 floods in Benin, the review of existing projects and programmes in order to identify “gaps” in response; • The second phase was devoted to the gathering of secondary information, and for some sectors (agriculture and food security, urban planning and livelihoods outside agriculture land management) in the collection of primary information from key stakeholders in affected areas previously identified. • The third phase placed emphasis on the analysis of information and the production of the sectoral reports as well as the interim report of the joint assessment. To conduct the joint assessment, sectoral teams were built for selected major sectors and the whole mission was coordinated by the Government of Benin through the Ministry of Development. The impact of floods on the economy was captured through the analysis of damage and losses. The damage caused by flooding amounted to 78.3 billion CFA francs (about USD 160 million) and was related to total or partial destruction of assets including buildings and what they contain, infrastructure, inventory, etc. The losses amounted to 48.8 billion CFA francs (approximately USD 100 million). These include changes in economic flows including production deficits and unrealized sales. The summary of damage and losses for the different sectors of the economy is presented in table IV.1. Macroeconomic impact Impact on GDP : Based on losses suffered by the economy, the impact on the value added and GDP are determined by considering the technical coefficients from national accounts. Thus, all sub sectors of the primary sector were affected by the flooding. The agricultural sector was most affected because of the huge losses of acreage under food and cash crops, including cotton. In total about 50,764 ha of crops were destroyed. Livestock, fisheries and fish farming were not spared from the effects of flooding. Thousands of heads of animals died by drowning and large quantities of fish were lost by the destruction of fishing infrastructure. The impact of flooding on the industrial sector was marginal. Modern industries and the building sub-sector were not significantly affected by the flood. However, the artisanal processing of food products experienced a downwards trend compared to the situation before flooding due to decline in agricultural production. In addition, some of the water sector infrastructures have been destroyed by flooding, causing loss of production. However, these losses do not have a significant effect on the value added of the sector. The effect of flooding on the services sector translates mainly into the reduction of profit margins of traders due to a decline in their activities. The transport sub-sector and other services, including tourism and crafts, were also affected by the flooding. One of the major effects of the floods was the decrease in the availability of agricultural products for the population during the post-flood period. This decline of food supply in rural areas, combined with the difficulties of delivering the products on the market, resulted in price increases for food products. An analysis of the harmonized index of consumer prices shows that since August 2010, the general level of the consumer price showed an upward trend while it has been relatively stable since the beginning of the year. - 9 -
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