ICFBR 2011International Conference on Fire Behaviour and RiskAlghero, Italy - October 4-6, 2011PR.10 - SIGRI: a national project for forest fire managementLaneve G. 1 , Jahjah M. 1 , Ferrucci F. 2 , Hirn B. 3 , Batazza F. 41. CRPSM – Sapienza, Università <strong>di</strong> Roma, Via Salaria, 851- 00138 Roma, Italy; 2. <strong>Dipartimento</strong> <strong>di</strong> Scienza della Terra,Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy; 3. IES Consulting-Intelligence for Environment and Security, Roma, Italy; 4. AgenziaSpaziale Italiana, Viale Liegi 26 – 00198 Roma, Italylaneve@psm.uniroma1.it, jahjah@psm.uniroma1.it, f.ferrucci@yahoo.it, b.hirn@iesconsulting.net, fabrizio.battazza@asi.itThe SIGRI (Integrated System for Fire Risk Management) pilot project funded by the ASI (Italian Space Agency) foreseenthe development of products like fire risk index, real-time hot spots maps, burned areas estimate. This project, in themainframe of the program ―Civil Protection from forest fires‖, should take into account the institutional requirements, as: thenormative aspects in forest fires matter, the <strong>di</strong>stribution of responsibilities and competence of the authorities involved in thefollowing activities: planning and management of the land, dangerousness forecast and risk assessment, prompt fire detection,monitoring and management of the fire event, damage assessment. The principal user (reference user) of such a system wouldbe the Italian Dept. of the Civil Protection (DPC). Nevertheless, the system would be able to generate information useful forsupporting <strong>di</strong>fferent user types having the role of respon<strong>di</strong>ng, operationally, to the forest fire management accor<strong>di</strong>ng with theguideline and operational addresses in<strong>di</strong>cated by DPC. In particular, the objective of SIGRI is the development of productswhich can be useful to the fire fighting activities along all the phases which can be <strong>di</strong>stinguished in the fire contrasting activity:forecast, monitoring/detection, counteract/propagation pre<strong>di</strong>ction, damage assessment/recover. One of the constraints of theproject is that the products provided by the system should be mostly based on satellite imagery. Three test areas, namelyCalabria, Liguria and Sar<strong>di</strong>nia, have been selected. The present paper is devoted to present the objectives of such project andthe activities carried out in order to achieve them. In particular, the fire risk index developed within the project will be<strong>di</strong>scussed. The starting point for the development of the fire risk index is represented by the well known FPI (Fire ProbabilityIndex). To make such index more suitable to describe the very <strong>di</strong>fferent environmental con<strong>di</strong>tions which are typical of theEuropean reality and the Italian one in particular the effect of the solar illumination has been introduced by computing of theevapotranspiration (ET) and the equivalent water thickness (EWT). Moreover, an effort has been made to improve theknowledge of the vegetation types covering the area of interest with the objective of determining the correspondence betweenthese and the fire fuel types. The possibility of using hyperspectral images to classify the land cover by using a series ofvegetation in<strong>di</strong>ces capable to estimate <strong>di</strong>fferent vegetation characteristics (greenness, senescence, canopy water content, etc.)has been analyzed. This idea aims at exploiting the images which will be made available in the next future as consequence ofthe launch (possibly in 2013) of the satellite sensor PRISMA, funded by ASI. The utilization of these in<strong>di</strong>ces in theclassification approach should present the double advantage of provi<strong>di</strong>ng values not affected by illumination con<strong>di</strong>tions aswell as values <strong>di</strong>rectly linked to the characteristics of the vegetation as fire fuel. Other products of the project, like the realtimefire detection system based on geostationary sensor SEVIRI, the high resolution satellite images automated procedure forburned scar mapping, the fire simulation behaviour will also be illustrated.Keywords: satellite, remote sensing, fire detection, risk index, burned areasIl progetto pilota SIGRI (Sistema Integrato per la Gestione del Rischio Incen<strong>di</strong>) finanziato dall‘ASI (Agenzia SpazialeItaliana) prevede lo sviluppo <strong>di</strong> prodotti come l‘in<strong>di</strong>ce del rischio incen<strong>di</strong>, le mappe dei punti pericolosi in tempo reale e lastima delle aree incen<strong>di</strong>ate. Questo progetto, nell‘ambito del programma ―Difesa Civile contro gli incen<strong>di</strong> boschivi‖ dovrebbeprendere in considerazione i requisiti istituzionali, quali: gli aspetti normativi in materia d‘incen<strong>di</strong> forestali, la <strong>di</strong>stribuzionedelle responsabilità e competenze delle autorità coinvolte nelle seguenti attività: pianificazione e gestione del territorio,previsione della pericolosità e valutazione dei rischi, in<strong>di</strong>viduazione sollecita dell‘incen<strong>di</strong>o, monitoraggio e gestione dell‘eventoincen<strong>di</strong>ario, valutazione dei danni. L‘utente principale (utente <strong>di</strong> riferimento) <strong>di</strong> tale sistema sarebbe il <strong>Dipartimento</strong> Italianodella Protezione Civile (DPC). Ciononostante, il sistema sarebbe in grado <strong>di</strong> generare informazioni utili a sostenere <strong>di</strong>versi tipi<strong>di</strong> utenti che hanno il ruolo <strong>di</strong> rispondere operativamente alla gestione <strong>degli</strong> incen<strong>di</strong> boschivi, secondo le linee guida e gliin<strong>di</strong>rizzi operativi in<strong>di</strong>cati dal DPC. In particolare, l‘obiettivo del SIGRI è lo sviluppo <strong>di</strong> prodotti che possono rivelarsi utilialle attività antincen<strong>di</strong>o insieme a tutte le fasi che si <strong>di</strong>stinguono nell‘attività <strong>di</strong> contrasto all‘incen<strong>di</strong>o: previsione,monitoraggio/in<strong>di</strong>viduazione, contrasto/previsione della propagazione, valutazione del danno/risanamento. Uno dei vincolidel progetto è che i prodotti forniti dal sistema dovrebbero essere principalmente basati sulle immagini satellitari. Sono stateselezionate tre aree <strong>di</strong> sperimentazione, ovvero Calabria, Liguria e Sardegna. La presente relazione è de<strong>di</strong>cata a presentare gli18
ICFBR 2011International Conference on Fire Behaviour and RiskAlghero, Italy - October 4-6, 2011obiettivi <strong>di</strong> questo progetto e le attività portate avanti per il loro conseguimento. In particolare, si <strong>di</strong>scuterà sull‘in<strong>di</strong>ce<strong>di</strong> rischio incen<strong>di</strong> sviluppato all‘interno del progetto. Il punto <strong>di</strong> partenza per lo sviluppo <strong>di</strong> tale in<strong>di</strong>ce è costituitodal celebre FPI (In<strong>di</strong>ce <strong>di</strong> Probabilità Incen<strong>di</strong>). Per rendere questo in<strong>di</strong>ce più adeguato nel descrivere le con<strong>di</strong>zioniambientali molto <strong>di</strong>verse che sono tipiche della realtà europea e <strong>di</strong> quella italiana in particolare, è stato introdottol‘effetto dell‘illuminazione solare calcolando l‘evapotraspirazione (ET) e lo spessore equivalente dell‘acqua (EWT).Inoltre, ci siamo impegnati a migliorare la conoscenza dei tipi <strong>di</strong> vegetazione che coprono l‘area d‘interesse conl‘obiettivo <strong>di</strong> determinare la corrispondenza fra questi e i tipi <strong>di</strong> combustibile. È stata analizzata la possibilità <strong>di</strong>utilizzare le immagini iperspettrali per classificare la copertura terrestre utilizzando una serie <strong>di</strong> in<strong>di</strong>ci <strong>di</strong> vegetazionein grado <strong>di</strong> stimare le sue <strong>di</strong>verse caratteristiche (il verde, la senescenza, il contenuto d‘acqua della chioma, ecc.).Questa idea mira a sfruttare le immagini che saranno rese <strong>di</strong>sponibili nel prossimo futuro in conseguenza al lancio(forse nel 2013) del sensore satellitare PRISMA, finanziato dall‘ASI. L'utilizzo <strong>di</strong> questi in<strong>di</strong>ci nell‘approccio allaclassificazione dovrebbe presentare il doppio vantaggio <strong>di</strong> fornire i valori non influenzati dalle con<strong>di</strong>zionid‘illuminazione insieme ai valori <strong>di</strong>rettamente collegati alle caratteristiche della vegetazione, come il combustibiledell‘incen<strong>di</strong>o. Si illustreranno anche altri prodotti del progetto, come il sistema <strong>di</strong> in<strong>di</strong>viduazione <strong>degli</strong> incen<strong>di</strong> intempo reale basato sul sensore geostazionario SEVIRI, la procedura automatizzata con immagini satellitari ad altarisoluzione per la mappatura delle tracce <strong>di</strong> incen<strong>di</strong>o, e il comportamento <strong>di</strong> simulazione dell‘incen<strong>di</strong>o.Le projet pilote SIGRI (Système intégré pour la gestion du risque d‘incen<strong>di</strong>e), financé par l‘ASI (Agence spatialeitalienne), a prévu le développement de produits tels que l‘in<strong>di</strong>ce de risque d‘incen<strong>di</strong>e, les cartes de points chauds entemps réel, les estimations des zones brûlées. Ce projet, qui évolue dans le cadre du programme de « Protection civiledes incen<strong>di</strong>es forestiers », doit prendre en considération les con<strong>di</strong>tions institutionnelles notamment: les aspectsnormatifs en matière d‘incen<strong>di</strong>es de forêt, la <strong>di</strong>stribution des responsabilités et la compétence des autorités impliquéesdans les activités suivantes: planification et gestion du sol, prévision du danger et évaluation de risque, détectionrapide des incen<strong>di</strong>es, surveillance et gestion de l‘incen<strong>di</strong>e, évaluation des dégâts. L‘utilisateur principal (utilisateur deréférence) de ce système est le Département italien de la protection civile (DPC). Néanmoins, le système pourragénérer des informations utiles pour assister <strong>di</strong>fférents types d‘utilisateurs ayant la responsabilité de réagir de façonopérationnelle à la gestion des incen<strong>di</strong>es selon les <strong>di</strong>rectives et instructions du DPC. En particulier, l‘objectif deSIGRI est de développer des produits pouvant être utiles aux activités de lutte contre les incen<strong>di</strong>es au cours de toutesles phases pouvant être <strong>di</strong>stinguées dans l‘activité contrastive de l‘incen<strong>di</strong>e: prévision, surveillance/détection,réaction/prévision de propagation, évaluation des dégâts/récupération. L‘une des contraintes du projet est que lesproduits fournis par le système doivent être basés principalement sur l‘imagerie satellite. Trois zones de test,notamment la Calabre, la Ligurie et la Sardaigne, ont été sélectionnées. Cet article vise à présenter les objectifs de ceprojet et les activités menées pour les atteindre. En particulier, l‘in<strong>di</strong>ce de risque d‘incen<strong>di</strong>e développé dans le projetsera examiné. Le point de départ pour le développement de l‘in<strong>di</strong>ce de risque d‘incen<strong>di</strong>e est représenté par le FPI derenom (In<strong>di</strong>ce de probabilité d‘incen<strong>di</strong>e). Pour rendre cet in<strong>di</strong>ce plus approprié à la description des con<strong>di</strong>tionsenvironnementales très <strong>di</strong>fférentes, typiques de la réalité européenne et italienne en particulier, nous avons introduitl‘effet de l‘éclairage solaire en calculant l‘évapotranspiration (ET) et l‘épaisseur d‘eau équivalente (EWT). Par ailleurs,un effort a été fait pour améliorer la connaissance des types de végétation couvrant la zone d‘intérêt avec pour objectifde déterminer la relation entre ceux-ci et les types de combustible. La possibilité d‘utilisation d‘images hyperspectralespour classifier la couverture terrestre en utilisant une série d‘in<strong>di</strong>ces de végétation en mesure d‘estimer les <strong>di</strong>fférentescaractéristiques de la végétation (verdure, sénescence, teneur en eau de la canopée, etc.) a été analysée. L‘objectif estd‘exploiter les images <strong>di</strong>sponibles dans un futur proche comme conséquence du lancement (probablement en 2013)du détecteur satellisé PRISME, financé par l‘ASI. L‘utilisation de ces in<strong>di</strong>ces dans l‘approche de classification doitprésenter le double avantage de fournir les valeurs non influencées par les con<strong>di</strong>tions d‘éclairage ou des valeurs liées<strong>di</strong>rectement aux caractéristiques de la végétation comme le combustible. D‘autres produits du projet, tels que lesystème de détection d‘incen<strong>di</strong>e en temps réel basé sur le détecteur géostationnaire SEVIRI, la procédure automatiséed‘images satellite à haute résolution pour la cartographie des aires brûlées, le comportement de la simulation d‘unincen<strong>di</strong>e, seront également présentés.SESSION 1: European Projects on Forest Fires19
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Photo Courtesy of Sardinian Forest