literaturuli gazeTi
literaturuli gazeTi
literaturuli gazeTi
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28 oqtomberi - 10 noemberi 2011<br />
kaxa jamburia<br />
_ maxsovs, garkveuli xnis winaT,<br />
internetis saSualebiT gavecani<br />
Tqvens statias, romelic dRemde maxsovs.<br />
guram doCanaSvilis Semoqmedebaze<br />
saubrobdiT, mis teqstebs ganixilavdiT.<br />
statiidan Canda, rom<br />
SesaniSnavad icnobT doCanaSvilis<br />
prozas da, rogorc mkiTxvels, gansakuTrebuli<br />
damokidebuleba gaqvT<br />
mis mimarT. Cveni saubaric am TemiT<br />
daviwyoT _ XX saukunis gamorCeuli<br />
prozaikosiT.<br />
_ Cemi da batoni guramis megobroba<br />
daaxloebiT oci wlis winaT daiwyo.<br />
maSin qarTuli literaturis institutSi<br />
vmuSaobdi. axladdaarsebuli<br />
JurnalisaTvis _ `literatura da xelovneba~<br />
(romelsac Cveni da xelovnebis<br />
istoriis instituti er-<br />
Toblivad gamoscemda) _ damavales,<br />
momemzadebina dialogi guram doCanaSvilTan.<br />
batoni guramis nawarmoebebs<br />
studentobis wlebidan vkiTxulobdi.<br />
Cemma Taobam doCanaSvilis teqstebi<br />
lamis zepirad icoda, misi frazebiT<br />
vsaubrobdiT. mwerlis Semoqmedeba<br />
yovelTvis gansakuTrebuli,<br />
gansxvavebuli movlena iyo CemTvis.<br />
cnobil frang kritikoss, rolan barts<br />
aqvs erT gamokvlevaSi _ axali<br />
<strong>literaturuli</strong> etapis dasawyisad<br />
konkretul TariRs asaxelebs da Semdeg<br />
asabuTebs Tavis mosazrebas. me ki<br />
mgonia, doCanaSvilis sityviT _ `Camomalaborantes~<br />
_ qarTul literaturaSi<br />
axali etapi daiwyo. enis amgvarma<br />
gamomsaxvelobiTma saSualebebma<br />
qarTul prozaSi sruliad axali,<br />
jer kidev ucnobi samyaro dagvanaxa.<br />
Tumca, es doCanaSvilis mier aRmoCenili<br />
meTodi ar yofila. `vefxistyaosanSi~<br />
gasaocari sityvaTqmnadoba<br />
gvxvdeba, magaliTad: `camca gaidarbazesa~,<br />
`mo-ca-kvda, gasisxlmdinarda~<br />
da sxv. am TvalsazrisiT<br />
rusTveli Seudarebelia da `vefxistyaosans~<br />
qarTul literaturaSi<br />
analogi ar moepoveba. Tu poemas zedapirulad<br />
icnob, SesaZloa Sefaruli<br />
kavSiri doCanaSvilis teqstebsa da<br />
`vefxistyaosans~ Soris verc dainaxo.<br />
magaliTad, `drahkani~, romelic romanSi<br />
`samoseli pirveli~ fulis er-<br />
Teulia, swored rusTvelTan gvxvdeba.<br />
igive SeiZleba iTqvas meTodze _<br />
`vefxistyaosani~ amis saukeTeso nimu-<br />
Sia _ roca avtori moqmedebis adgilad<br />
sxva, ucxo mxares irCevs. sxvaTa<br />
Soris, mweralTa mxridan amgvari <strong>literaturuli</strong><br />
formis gamoyenebas sab-<br />
WoTa kritika yovelTis eWvis TvaliT<br />
uyurebda.<br />
maxsovs, maSin sakmaod vrceli di-<br />
mkiTxveli<br />
gamocdebis erovnuli centris qarTuli enis jgufis xelmZRvaneli kaxa<br />
jamburia Zalze sainteresod saubrobda literaturaze. saubrobda codniT,<br />
rogorc profesionali filologi da amavdroulad gatacebiT, grZnobiT,<br />
rogorc ubralod literaturismoyvare adamiani. man gaixsena daviT<br />
guramiSvili da misi poezia, isaubra guram doCanaSvilisa da jemal qarCxaZis<br />
gamorCeul prozaze, saqarTveloSi naklebadcnobili ucxoeli mwerlebis<br />
gansakuTrebul ostatobaze... vfiqrob, winamdebare interviuSi mniSvnelovani<br />
isaa, rom batoni kaxa Seexo avtorebs, romelTac _ sayvarel mwerlebs<br />
Soris _ arc ise xSirad asaxelebs Cveni rubrikis `mkiTxveli~.<br />
guramiSvili<br />
namdvili<br />
novatoria<br />
<strong>literaturuli</strong> <strong>gazeTi</strong><br />
alogi gamovida baton guramTan. daviT<br />
guramiSvilis Semoqmedebazec visaubreT.<br />
Cemi subieqturi STabeWdilebebi<br />
rom gavuziare, dainteresda da<br />
`daviTiani~ kidev erTxel gadaikiTxa.<br />
did pativad mimaCnia, rom Cveni saubris<br />
Semdeg man xelaxla aRmoaCina<br />
guramiSvili.<br />
_ araerTi <strong>literaturuli</strong> novacia,<br />
romlis avtoric guram doCanaSvilia<br />
_ aRizianebda mis Taobas.<br />
_ aRizianebda swored mis Taobas<br />
da ara `_ axalgazrdebs. batoni gurami<br />
axalgazrdobis mwerali iyo. rac Se-<br />
~<br />
exeba ufrosebis damokidebulebas misi<br />
Semoqmedebis mimarT, maxsendeba gazeT<br />
`komunistSi~ gamoqveynebuli Zalze<br />
kritikuli werili. im wlebSi `komunistis~<br />
gverdebze mwerlis augad moxsenieba<br />
Zalian cud rames niSnavda. batoni<br />
gurami oficiozis mxridan dafasebuli<br />
da privilegiebiT ganebivrebuli<br />
arasodes yofila, arc raime premia<br />
miuRia maTgan. vinc mis avtobiografiul<br />
romans _ `rac ufro maxsovs, da<br />
metad magondeba~ _ gaecnoba, darwmundeba,<br />
rom es adamiani orjerve<br />
politikuri motiviT ijda cixeSi. er-<br />
TaderTi, raSic am mwerals gaumarTla,<br />
is aris, rom misi yvela nawarmoebi<br />
daibeWda. ...roca `komunistSi~ gamoqveynebuli<br />
werilis avtori baton<br />
gurams Sexvda, Tavi ase imarTla _ me<br />
rom ara, uaresebs dawerdneno. Semdeg<br />
kidev gamoqveynda statia, romelSic<br />
guram doCanaSvilTan erTad besik<br />
xaranaulic gaakritikes. or yvelaze<br />
gamorCeul pirovnebas _ Cveni Taobis<br />
metrebs _ imisaTvis kicxavdnen,<br />
risTvisac maTi Semoqmedeba ase moswonda<br />
axalgazrdobas _ axali <strong>literaturuli</strong><br />
formebisa da novatoruli<br />
ZiebebisaTvis.<br />
_ socialisturma realizmma garkveuli<br />
standartebi, kliSeebi Camoayaliba<br />
da Semoqmedi adamianebisagan<br />
moiTxovda, rom xelovneba raRac Car-<br />
CoebSi moeqciaT. aman Taviseburad<br />
imoqmeda literaturaze, zogadad<br />
_kulturaze.<br />
_ ar SeiZleba oTar WilaZeze iTqvas,<br />
rom odesme raime kliSesa Tu standarts<br />
emorCileboda. is yovelTvis<br />
Zalze originaluri da TavisTavadi<br />
mwerali iyo _ didi mwerali. qarTveli<br />
avtorebi socialisturi ideologiis<br />
moTxovnebs arasodes iTvaliswinebdnen,<br />
magram standartebi mainc<br />
arsebobda da qvecnobierad es moqmedebda<br />
adamianebze. amitom axlis<br />
Zieba, novatoroba imdroindel qar-<br />
Tul mwerlobaSi Zalian mniSvnelovani<br />
movlena iyo. oTar WilaZeze aRar SevCerdebi,<br />
misi Semoqmedebis Sesaxeb bevri<br />
ram Tqmula. erTi, sruliad gamor-<br />
Ceuli qarTveli mwerali minda gavixseno<br />
_ jemal qarCxaZe. man Zalian saintereso<br />
forma mouZebna saTqmels.<br />
amjerad mxedvelobaSi maqvs misi `antonio<br />
da daviTi~, romelSic sxvadasxva<br />
personaJi erTsa da imave ambavs yveba.<br />
am xerxs folkneri bevrad adre mimarTavda<br />
da qarCxaZemac brwyinvaled<br />
gamoiyena Tavis nawarmoebSi. mis<br />
Sedevrze _ `igi~ _ aRarafers vambob.<br />
sxvaTa Soris, guram doCanaSvils aqvs<br />
CemTvis naTqvami: `siamovnebiT movawerdi<br />
xels `igis~, ase wera rom SemeZlos...~<br />
samwuxaroa, rom jemal qarCxaZe – XX<br />
saukunis qarTuli mwerlobis erTerTi<br />
saukeTeso avtori ise daufaseblad<br />
wavida Cvengan, rom sakadrisi pativi<br />
ver veciT, Cveni aRfrTovaneba da<br />
siyvaruli ver vagrZnobineT.<br />
_ samwuxarod, daufasebloba<br />
araerTi didi mwerlis bediswera<br />
gamxdara. aseT avtorebs Sorisaa daviT<br />
guramiSvili, romlis mimarT<br />
damokidebuleba garkveulwilad<br />
ukve gamoxateT. Tqveni azriT, ra aris<br />
mizezi, rom aseTi didi poeti da<br />
gamorCeuli moazrovne usamarTlodaa<br />
miviwyebuli<br />
_ Zveli qarTuli literaturis<br />
mecnieruli kvleva XX saukunis<br />
interviu<br />
13<br />
dasawyisSi daiwyo, roca ivane javaxiSvilma<br />
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti<br />
daarsa. amas male mohyva<br />
saqarTvelos gasabWoeba da ideologiuri<br />
cenzura. bunebrivia, guramiSvilis<br />
_ qarTul literaturaSi yvelaze<br />
didi mistikosi poetis _ Semoqmedebis<br />
Seswavla sakmaod SeizRuda.<br />
guramiSvili gansxvavebuli wyobisa da<br />
azrovnebis adamiania, igi yvelaferSi<br />
RvTis nebas xedavs. am moazrovnis<br />
mixedviT, `Turqi, leki, sparsi, osi,<br />
Cerqez, RliRvi, dido, qisti~ _ qveynis<br />
ubedurebis mizezi ki ara, Sedegia.<br />
mizezad igi eris sulier daZabunebas<br />
miiCnevs. adamianebi sulierad uZlurdebian<br />
maSin, roca maT Soris siyvaruli<br />
qreba. siyvaruls ki mudam urwmunoeba<br />
upirispirdeba. guramiSvilisaTvis<br />
yvela ubedurebis saTave<br />
swored urwmunoebaa. ioane RvTismetyvelis<br />
mixedviT, `RmerTi siyvaruli<br />
ars~ da saqarTvelos bedukuRmar-<br />
Tobis mizezs poeti urwmunoebaSi, e. i.<br />
usiyvarulod cxovrebaSi xedavs. bunebrivia,<br />
sabWoTa skolaSi guramiSvilis<br />
Semoqmedebas _ sazogadoebrivi cnobierebisa<br />
da saqarTvelos istoriis<br />
miseul analizs, msoflmxedvelobas,<br />
RvTisadmi damokidebulebas _ aravin<br />
aswavlida. bavSvebs yvelaze naklebad<br />
faseul _ e. w. `swavla moswavleTas~<br />
azepirebinebdnen da amiT aZulebdnen<br />
am nawarmoebs. xolo gansakuTrebulad<br />
Rirebuli nawili _ religiuri himnebi<br />
da e. w. `qarTlis Wiris~ providencialuri<br />
nawili _ faqtiurad miCqmaluli<br />
da gayalbebuli iyo.<br />
_ vfiqrob, Sedegad miviReT is, rom<br />
CrdilSi darCa guramiSvilis poeturi<br />
sidiadec.<br />
_ guramiSvili sityvis saocari<br />
ostatia. daakvirdiT, intonaciurad<br />
ramdenad msgavsia galaktionis `jer<br />
arasdros ar Sobila mTvare ase wynari~<br />
da guramiSvilis `zubovkidan momavalman<br />
vnaxe erTi qali~... swored<br />
guramiSvilis moZebnilia is ritmebi,<br />
JReradoba, formebi, romlebic Semdeg<br />
aTasnairad gamoiyenes Cvenma poetebma.<br />
versifikaciis TvalsazrisiT,<br />
guramiSvili namdvili novatoria. is<br />
aSkarad pirvelia, vinc saukuneebis<br />
Semdeg `vefxistyaosnis~ gavlena da-<br />
Zlia da poeziaSi sruliad axali<br />
formebi Seqmna. e.w. `aRorZinebis xanis~<br />
poetebi rusTvelis epigonebi iyvnen,<br />
Teqvsmetmarcvliani SairiT werdnen<br />
da sakmaod mZimed sakiTxavi, naklebad<br />
saintereso teqstebi dagvitoves.<br />
guramiSvilis poezia ki novaciebis<br />
TvalsazrisiT amouwuravia. misi kvleva<br />
sakmaod gvian daiwyo. araerTma<br />
kargma mecnierma imuSava mis teqstebze,<br />
Tumca Sesaswavli da sakvlevi jer<br />
kidev bevria.<br />
_ axalgazrda qarTveli mwerlebis<br />
nawerebs sazogadoeba sxvadasxvagvarad<br />
afasebs. nawils moswons isini,<br />
sxvebisTvis ki es TematikiTa da leqsikiT<br />
Raribi literaturaa. sainteresoa<br />
Tqveni azri axalgazrda avtorebis<br />
Sesaxeb.<br />
_ ra Tqma unda, axalgazrda mwerlebidan<br />
yvela warmatebuli ver iqneba.<br />
CvensaviT patara qveyanas ar Sei-<br />
Zleba erT TaobaSi aTi-oci didi mwerali<br />
hyavdes. is rom, mkiTxveli orsam<br />
avtors kargad icnobs, ukve bevrs<br />
niSnavs. holandias literaturaSi er-<br />
TaderTi nobelianti _ hari muliSi<br />
hyavs da yvela mas Sexaris. Cven, Cemi<br />
azriT, muliSze ukeTesi mwerlebi<br />
gvyavs. roca axalgazrda avtorebis<br />
nawarmoebebs vkiTxulob, yvelaferze<br />
metad leqsikis simwire maRizianebs.<br />
TiTqos qarTuli arc ise kargad ician.<br />
cxadia, es ar exeba aka morCilaZes _<br />
Zalian saintereso mwerals, romelic<br />
enas brwyinvaled flobs. morCilaZis<br />
prozas axalgazrdebi didi interesiT<br />
kiTxuloben, Tumca misi teqstebi _<br />
gansakuTrebiT misi didtaniani romanebi<br />
_ `santa esperansa~, `Maid in Tiflis~<br />
_ advili sakiTxavi sulac ar aris.<br />
dasasruli me-14 gverdze
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