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294 69 77; qronikaqronika@gmail.com<br />
qarTveli eri arasodes yofila<br />
morCili da brmad mimyoli, arc-<br />
Tu martooden sxvaTa kulturebis<br />
amTvisebeli, aramed sakuTari<br />
kulturis fesvebic Rrmad hqonda<br />
dedamiwis gulisaken gamjdari da<br />
axali samomavlo morCebis gamoRebac<br />
ar gauWirdeboda. amaSi unda<br />
daerwmunebina ruseTi saqarTvelos<br />
da georgievskis xelSekrulebis<br />
darRvevisTanave saqarTvelom daiwyo<br />
kidec Sinagani brZola ruse-<br />
Tis winaaRmdeg, brZola, romli-<br />
Tac ruseTs ki ar asustebda, aramed<br />
sakuTar ZalTa mobilizebas axdenda<br />
Seqmnili mdgomareobidan<br />
Tavis dasaRwevad. raRa Tqma unda,<br />
mowinave qarTvelTa erTaderTi<br />
mizani traqtatiT gaTvaliswinebuli<br />
uflebebis aRdgena an ruseT-<br />
Tan urTierTobamde arsebuli<br />
mdgomareobis dabruneba unda yofiliyo.<br />
saqmemac ar daayovna: 1832 wels<br />
SeTqmuleba, saqarTvelos erovnuli<br />
Rirsebisadmi dimitri yifianis<br />
gamoqomageba, TergdaleulTa mamuliSviluri<br />
saqmeebi, eklesiis<br />
msaxurTa, kirion saZagliSvilisa<br />
da leonide oqropiriZis mcdelobani<br />
qarTuli eklesiisaTvis avtokefaliis<br />
dasabruneblad, ai, gauxunari<br />
furclebi saqarTvelos<br />
istoriisa me-19 saukunis manZilze.<br />
riT upasuxa Zalmomreobisadmi<br />
qarTveli eris am bunebriv reaqcias<br />
imperiis xelisuflebam? _<br />
represiebiT! gadasaxlebaSi gardaicvala<br />
1832 wlis SeTqmulebis yvelaze<br />
principuli monawile, pirveli<br />
qarTveli kantianeli solomon<br />
dodaSvili; gadaasaxles da mosyiduli<br />
mkvlelis xeliT sicocxles<br />
gamoasalmes erovnuli sindisis<br />
qomagi dimitri yifiani; xangr-<br />
Zlivi vadiT ruseTs gaasaxles saeklesio<br />
moRvaweni kirioni da leonide.<br />
TiTqmis gadaulaxav dabrkolebebs<br />
uqmnidnen saqarTvelos<br />
rCeul Svilebs mamuliSvilur mizanTa<br />
ganxorcielebis gzaze, magram<br />
rac mTavaria, mizani gamoikve-<br />
Ta da moxevis pasuxi ilia WavWavaZis<br />
"mgzavris werilebidan": "Cveni<br />
Tavi Cvenve unda gveyudvnodes"<br />
_ me-19 saukunis samocianelTa da<br />
mTlianad saqarTvelos umTavres<br />
samoqmedo programad iqca. saqar-<br />
Tvelos samefo aRar arsebobda,<br />
magram suli erisa kvlav fxizlobda<br />
da Znelbedobis marwuxebidan<br />
Tavis daxsnas lamobda.<br />
individualizmis is gamTiSveli<br />
Zala, uwin rom saxelmwifos aqucmacebda,<br />
axla sxvagvarad moqmedebda.<br />
sxvadasxva kuTxis rCeuli axalgazrdoba<br />
administraciul centrebSi,<br />
Tbilissa da quTaisSi iyrida<br />
Tavs, swavla-ganaTlebiT sulier<br />
kunTebs ikaJebda da codnis<br />
gasaRrmaveblad saruseTod wasuli,<br />
kvlav ukan brundeboda, raTa<br />
erovnuli droSis garSemo erT<br />
birTvad Sekruliyo. umefod dar-<br />
Cenil qveyanaSi erovnuli saqmeebisTvis<br />
zrunva kulturtregerTa<br />
xelSi gadadioda. ilia WavWavaZe<br />
da misi TanamebrZolebi gulmodgined<br />
cdilobdnen Tu politikuri<br />
damoukideblobis dabrunebas ara,<br />
rac imJamad namdvilad ar ZaledvaT,<br />
saxelmwifoebriobisa da suverenulobis<br />
Segnebis gaRviZebas<br />
mainc TavianT TanamemamuleebSi;<br />
ruseTis guberniis administraciul<br />
pirobebSi imgvari atmosferos<br />
Seqmnas suverenul saxelmwifoebs<br />
rom gaaCniaT.<br />
upirates sazrunavad Tergdaleulebma<br />
marTebulad miiCnies<br />
qarTuli enisTavis CamorTmeuli<br />
uflebebis dabruneba da arc Semcdaran,<br />
radgan ena iyo da mudam<br />
iqneba ara mkvdari simbolo, aramed<br />
Tavad eris sicocxlis umTavresi<br />
niSan-sveti. am utyuari saSualebiT<br />
TviTrwmeniT amaRleba, mowinaaRmdegis<br />
TvalSi avtoritetis<br />
amaRlebasac niSnavda, rac SeuZlebeli<br />
iyo axali, mZlavri erovnuli<br />
literaturis Seqmnis gareSe. es<br />
gaxldaT imJamad eTaderTi garantia<br />
sakuTari myoofadis Sobisa.<br />
amgvari bazisis gareSe qarTuli<br />
ena cxovrebisa da kulturis verc<br />
erT sferoSi ver SeaRwevda. garda<br />
amisa, literatura xom enis, rogorc<br />
cocxali organizmis pulsaciisa<br />
da ganviTarebis gamomxatvelia,<br />
niSani eris sicocxlis uwyvetobisa,<br />
radgan mxolod mkvdar<br />
enebze ar iqmneba axali literatura,<br />
im enebze, didi xnis winaT rom<br />
miatova erovnulma organizmma.<br />
saqarTvelos warsulis gmiruli<br />
furclebis gacocxlebiT, axali<br />
erovnuli da sakacobrio mniSvnelobis<br />
problemebis dayenebiT<br />
qarTulma mxatvrulma da publicisturma<br />
literaturam imdenad<br />
damuxta moraluri atmosfero,<br />
rom sazogadoebrivi azri Zireuli<br />
saWirboroto sakiTxebis gadasaWrelad<br />
moamzada, swored literaturis<br />
am axali poziciebidan<br />
dalaSqres Tergdaleulebma Tvi-<br />
Tmpyrobelobis, erTi SexedviT, miudgomeli<br />
simagreebi da gamosZales<br />
imperiis mTavrobas qarTuli<br />
Jurnal-gazeTebisa da wignebis<br />
gamocemis, qarTuli Teatrisa da<br />
skolebis da erovnuli TvalsazrisiT<br />
mniSvnelovani sazogadoebebis<br />
daarsebis ufleba.<br />
yovelive es ar momxdara iolad,<br />
cenzurasTan da Sovinist rus moxeleebTan<br />
Sexla-Semoxlis gareSe;<br />
magram Tavgamodebulma mamuliSvilurma<br />
SemarTebam SeuZlebeli SesaZleblad<br />
aqcia da georgievskis<br />
traqtatis 100 wlis Tavze Tu politikuri<br />
ara, qarTvel ers garkveuli<br />
kulturuli avtonomia mainc<br />
moutana.<br />
ilia, akaki, vaJa-fSavela _ es<br />
sami saxeli elavda yvelaze mkafiod<br />
saqarTvelos sulieri cxovrebis<br />
kabadonze. miuxedavad didi<br />
saqarTvelos urTierTobaze<br />
gamWriaxobisa, sayovelTao avtoritetisa<br />
da gansakuTrebiT ki erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli<br />
moZraobis<br />
lideris, ilia WavWavaZis organizatoruli<br />
niWisa, rac uTuod<br />
misi mkvlelobis umTavresi mizezi<br />
gaxda, isini ar yofilan praqtikosi<br />
politikosebi da arc miumar-<br />
TavT politikuri aqciebisaTvis<br />
georgevskis traqtatiT gaTvaliswinebuli<br />
suverenitetis mosapoveblad,<br />
magram imdenad didi iyo<br />
maTi damsaxureba erovnuli TviT-<br />
Segnebis gaRviZebis saqmeSi, rom<br />
naRvawi maTi maradiul sagzlad<br />
gahyveba saqarTvelos Soreuli<br />
momavlis gzebze.<br />
qarTvelebis sulieri potencia<br />
martooden kulturis sferoSi an<br />
sazogadoebrivi azris momzadeba-<br />
Si rodi ixarjeboda. miuxedavad<br />
imisa, rom saqarTveloSi arsebobda<br />
Sesaferisi sarbieli politikuri<br />
moRvaweobisaTvis, radgan qarTvelebs<br />
ar gaaCndaT sakuTari<br />
saxelmwifo, xolo ruseTis imperiis<br />
samsaxurSi yofna karierizmis<br />
garda maT sxva arafers uqadda,<br />
politikur asparezze samoRvaweo<br />
potencia umTavresad farul partiebSi<br />
praqtikuli saqmianobiT<br />
hpovebda gamosavals.<br />
SemTxveviTi rodia, rom ruse-<br />
Tis revoluciebisa da maT winare<br />
periodSi qarTvelebs erT-erTi<br />
wamyvani adgili ekavaT ruseTis<br />
sxvadasxva partiaSi, zogi maTgani<br />
socialuri problemebiTa da revoluciuri<br />
praqtikiT iyo gatacebuli,<br />
zogic yovelive amas erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi<br />
suverenitetis<br />
ideasTanac aTavsebda. xSirad<br />
isini, sacial-demokratebi, imdenad<br />
antagonistur poziciebs<br />
ikavebdnen qarTveli samocianelebis<br />
mimarT, rom TavianT werileb-<br />
Si TviT erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli<br />
moZraobis liders, ilia Wav-<br />
WavaZesac ki esxmodnen Tavs. iliasac<br />
xalxis siyvaruli, udidesi avtoriteti<br />
da popularoba rom umagrebda<br />
mxars, araerTgzis gadau-<br />
Weria maTTvis publicistis maTraxi.<br />
mZlavri publicisturi SemarTebisa<br />
da sayovelTao avtoritetis<br />
gamo xedavdnen isini WavWavaZeSi<br />
mTavar mowinaaRmdeges. maT ver<br />
upatiebiaT iliasaTvis, pirvelma<br />
rom Semoitana qarTul literaturaSi<br />
socialuri uTanasworobisa<br />
da brZolis Tema, is ambavi,<br />
rom igi ar mivida maTTan da ar dadga<br />
maT poziciebze da arc mividoda,<br />
radgan ver dadgeboda igi<br />
verc erTi politikuri partiis<br />
poziciaze. partiuloba wminda politikuri<br />
movlenaa. igi izRudeba<br />
mxolod misTvis misaRebi ideebis<br />
kompleqsiT da ZalauflebisaTvis<br />
brZolis garda gulisxmobs am<br />
ideebis cxovrebaSi gatarebas miRweuli<br />
Zalauflebis meSveobiT.<br />
verc ilia, verc akaki da verc vaJa<br />
ver SeizRudebodnen romelime<br />
politikuri ideologiiT, radgan<br />
msoflio moqalaqeebi iyvnen da<br />
TviT erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebel<br />
brZolas msoflio moqalaqeobriobisa<br />
da samarTlianobis poziciebidan<br />
eweodnen. maTi miznebisaTvis<br />
ucxo iyo Zalauflebisa-<br />
Tvis brZola da amgvari brZolis<br />
meTodebi.<br />
ilia WavWavaZe politikuri brZolisa<br />
da sakuTari survilis gare-<br />
Sec aSkarad iyo aRiarebuli qar-<br />
Tveli eris mamad da saxelmwifoebriobis<br />
mopovebis SemTxvevaSi mis<br />
garda aravis xvdeboda wilad qarTveli<br />
xalxisa da qarTuli saxelmwifos<br />
winamZRoloba. miuxedavad<br />
amisa, imperiis taxtisaTvis igi<br />
ar warmoadgenda did saSiSroebas<br />
da am TvalsazrisiT mefis xelisuflebas<br />
social-demokratebisa<br />
ufro eSinoda, Tumca arc maTi<br />
liderebis mimarT iyenebda farul<br />
terors. erTi ram ki uTuod unda<br />
aRiniSnos, _ ilia WavWavaZis sazareli<br />
mkvlelobis Semdeg mwerali<br />
irodion evdoSvili demonstraciulad<br />
gamovida social-demokratiuli<br />
partiidan, radgan am mkvlelobaSi<br />
mis wevrebs sdebda brals.<br />
asea Tu ise, ilia WavWavaZis<br />
sikvdiliT mxolod is unda yofiliyo<br />
dainteresebuli, visac saqarTveloSi<br />
imJamad misi avtoriteti<br />
uSlida xels liderobis mopovebaSi.<br />
movlenaTa faruli urTierTkavSirebis<br />
gamo msoflio istoria<br />
savsea moulodnelobebiT. moulodnelad<br />
dakarga saqarTvelom<br />
saxelmwifoebrioba da moulodnelad<br />
daibruna igi 1918 wels, dakarga<br />
gareSe Zalis CareviT, xolo<br />
daibruna sakuTari Zalis Caurevlad,<br />
sisxlisRvris gareSe. Tebervlisa<br />
da oqtombris revoluciebma<br />
moSales ruseTis imperia, rasac<br />
misi armiis rRveva mohyva, male<br />
ruseTis jaris nawilebma datoves<br />
saqarTvelo da qveyana saxelmwifoebriobis<br />
realuri dabrunebis<br />
winaSe dadga. sruldeboda didi<br />
xnis natvra, ruseTis imperiis mier<br />
georgievskis xelSekrulebis dar-<br />
Rvevis mere rom ar moscilebia<br />
qarTvelebis gonebas.<br />
magram im drois Tavkacebi, ratomRac,<br />
gaubedaobas avlendnen da<br />
ayovnebdnen saqarTvelos damoukidebel<br />
saxelmwifod gamocxadebas.<br />
Znelia dadgena, moridebulobas<br />
iCendnen imis gamo, rom ubr-<br />
Zolvelad miiRes amis saSualeba,<br />
Tu es idea jerac ar gamkvidrebuliyo<br />
qarTveli xalxis SegnebaSi,<br />
rogorc politikuri aucilebloba.<br />
Tumca ver vityviT, rom sazogadoebrivi<br />
azri ar iyo amisTvis momwifebuli.<br />
magram sazogadoebrivi<br />
azris mzaoba rodis niSnavs, rogorc<br />
politikuri aucileblobis<br />
simyares. amgvar simkvidres programa,<br />
organizebuloba da rigi<br />
politikuri aqciebisa unda uZRodes<br />
win. am mimarTulebiT zemoxsenebul<br />
saqmianobas saqarTvelo-<br />
Si adgili ar hqonia.<br />
amgvar moqmedebaSi erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli<br />
ideis mesveurebi<br />
ver Seedrebodnen social-demokratebs,<br />
magram mosaxdeni mainc<br />
moxda: jer saqarTvelos eklesiam<br />
cno Tavisi damoukidebloba, aRidgina<br />
avtokefalia da amiT erTxel<br />
kidev daamtkica, rom yovelTvis<br />
iyo erTiani da suverenuli saqarTvelos<br />
ideis gamomxatveli. mis<br />
magaliTs male Tavkacobis pretendentebmac<br />
mihbaZes da 1918 wlis 26<br />
maiss saqarTvelo damoukidebel<br />
saxelmwifod gamoacxades. es monapovari<br />
ar warmoadgenda ZalTa<br />
mobilizebis uSualo kulminacias,<br />
magram igi uTuod CaiTvleba im<br />
miznis ganxorcielebad, rasac me-<br />
19 saukunis manZilze TavianTi<br />
sulieri energia Sealies saqarTvelos<br />
rCeulma Svilebma. es gaxldaT<br />
logikuri da samarTliani pasuxi<br />
georgievskis xelSekrulebis damrRvevTa<br />
mimarT.<br />
magram xanmokle aRmoCnda saqarTvelos<br />
damoukidebeli saxelmwifos<br />
arseboba. saqarTvelos im-<br />
Jamindel mTavrobas ori omis<br />
mogerieba mouxda; igi xalxis mxardaWeriTac<br />
sargeblobda, magram<br />
mainc ver aRmoCnda saTanado sima-<br />
Rleze. mas ar esmoda erTi WeSmariteba,<br />
rom Znelia Tavisuflebis<br />
mopoveba, magram gacilebiT ufro<br />
Znelia SenarCuneba, rom damoukideblobis<br />
mopovebisTanave safr-<br />
Txisa Tu usafrTxoebis SemTxveva-<br />
Si aucilebelia gadamwyveti zomebis<br />
miReba, ZalTa sruli mobilizaciisaTvis<br />
saSuroa droebiT mainc<br />
mTeli saqarTvelos erT simagre-banakad<br />
gadaqceva, samxedro<br />
da samewarmeo-sameurneo sawyisTa<br />
gamTlianeba, cxovrebis sxvadasxva<br />
sferoTa erTiani mizinisaken warmarTva,<br />
TiToeuli moqalaqis er-<br />
Tdroulad jariskacadac da<br />
meurnedac gadaqceva, yvelgan da<br />
yvelaferSi uaRresi mobilizeba<br />
da mkacri disciplina, samSoblosadmi<br />
siyvarulisa da movaleobis<br />
grZnobis umaRles SegnebaSi<br />
gadazrda, radgan SeuZlebelia<br />
damoukideblobis SenarCuneba iq,<br />
sadac Tavisufleba sakuTari sicocxlisa<br />
da arsebobis tolfasovnad<br />
ar miaCniaT.<br />
gagrZeleba 32-e gv.<br />
N21 (242) 26.06-2.07.2018 w.<br />
31
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