Untitled - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche

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O. Signore CD: TSK: RA […] OG: OGT: OGTD: parete affrescata LC: PVC: PVCP: NA PVCC: ERCOLANO LDC: LDCT: casa LDCN: V 15 (DEL BICENTENARIO) LDCS: 13 (tablino); parete N […] DA: DES: DESS: Zona mediana rossa con tre pannelli riquadrati da bordi di tappeto: centrale (giallo in orig.) con quadro (Pasifae e Dedalo), laterali con medaglioni (Bacco a s.; baccante a d.) separati da fasce nere con grottesche, cornice a ovoli. Fregio nero: tre pannelli con scene di amorini in caccia con scudo e sfondo naturalistico a s., con cervo e cane in lotta al centro, con amorino su cavallo alato a d., separati da riquadri con maschere tragiche. Zona superiore rossa con architetture (quasi illeggibile). […] At rst glance, the proposed model may appear just another “at le” schema, with a large number of elds, but anyone familiar with database design methodologies will easily recognize that, generally speaking, entities have been mapped on to paragraphs, (multivalued) attributes on to (repeating) elds, aggregate attributes on to structured elds. It is also evident that the identication of a sequence of elds, with the characteristics of being repeatable and/or groupable, and references to “authority les”, may be seen as the “linearization” of a non linear text. Last, but not least, an effort was made to maintain consistency between different cultural areas, so that semantically equivalent elds are identied by the same tag. The proposed model was a trade-off between the very specic requirements posed by the academic and research communities, asking for exhaustive information, and requirements posed by the administrative needs of having a model which could be adapted to a large variety of objects, despite their differences. The object model could also be seen as a way to represent knowledge, considering that, at the time it was dened, thesauri, authority les and dictionaries were not available for all the elds, and we were forced to use structured elds to represent knowledge that could be otherwise coded 116
Representing knowledge in archaeology: from cataloguing cards to Semantic Web in an appropriate faceted thesaurus. The object model could also be seen as an interoperable model to collect information. The object model put a great emphasis on the denition of the different types of relationships between objects, leading to the denition of the different types of objects: simple, complex, aggregate. It has to be noted that a component of a complex object is seen as an object itself, and inherits some properties from the “father object”. The aggregation of objects leads to the compilation of a cataloguing card that accounts for the general properties of the aggregate. In conclusion, we may envisage two different types of relationships between objects: a “vertical” relationship (complex objects) and a “horizontal” relationship (aggregates). As a consequence of experiences conducted in the following years, it was agreed to add the possibility of explicitly coding some semantically richer relationships. This deep and articulated fragmentation of information had the positive effect that information can be more accurately controlled, and errors are less probable, while fragments can be recombined to return more aggregated info. The guidelines followed in the denition of the standards are reported in Papaldo et al. 1986 and in Signore 1986. A complete denition of these standards may be found in the publications of the ICCD: D’Amadio, Simeoni 1989; Massari et al. 1988; Papaldo et al. 1988; Parise Badoni, Ruggeri 1988. 4.1 Strong and weak points The denition of the object model and the corresponding cataloguing card exhibited several strong points. First of all, it made it possible to overcome the difculties arising from the adoption of an approach tied to the technology to be used for storage and retrieval, while it was usual, in the mid 1980s, to implement models based on the software selected for the application management, with additional costs to face when the operating environment changed. Instead, everyone had total freedom in implementing data entry applications and sharing or exchanging data on the basis of the well dened model, thus safeguarding investments 4 (Signore 1993, 1994). Secondly, it was a big step forward, since it put the Italian Catalogue at least at the same level as other 4 In 1986, the Italian government funded a Lit. 600.000.000.000 (approximately € 310 million) initiative, whose principal aim was the application of new technologies in the eld of cultural heritage management. The initiative took the name of “giacimenti culturali”, as it was assimilating the cultural heritage to other types of resources to exploit, like oil or coal. After a call for proposal, some 39 projects were approved and nanced. Among them, 31 were concerned in some way with the cataloguing of works of art. No guidelines were imposed as far as the technological (hardware and software) environment was concerned, the only constraint was that the results of the projects should be made available to the central administration. The object model dened by the ICCD played a driving role as a standard at the conceptual level, and was included as a constraint in the contracts signed by the rms which were conducting the projects. The exchange format was easily dened in a couple of hours! 117
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ARCHEOLOGIA E CALCOLATORI CNR - Dip
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Volume edito in collaborazione con
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A. Polcaro, V.F. Polcaro, Man and s
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La naissance de l’informatique en
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Ai problemi dei rapporti tra archeo
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E. Vesentini Ma, al di là di quest
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E. Vesentini 3. La Scuola Normale S
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Archeologia e Calcolatori 20, 2009,
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Informatica archeologica e non arch
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From anarchy to good practice: the
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D. Kurtz Fig. 2 - The Beazley Archi
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D. Kurtz Fig. 4 - The Ioannou Schoo
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D. Kurtz Fig. 6 - The Beazley Archi
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D. Kurtz Fig. 8 - http: // www.cvao
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D. Kurtz In the summer of 2008 we b
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P. Sommella che promosse, sotto l
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P. Sommella v’è oggi risposta vi
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P. Sommella ricerca per anni relega
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P. Sommella Ovviamente ciò che è
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P. Sommella teso in rete all’ediz
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P. Sommella Consalvi F. 2009, Il Ce
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The golden years for mathematics an
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A. Caravale ritage 12 . Finalizzato
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From artefact typologies to cultura
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A. Polcaro, V.F. Polcaro gist, who
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A. Polcaro, V.F. Polcaro Judge W.J.
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Digitization as a science process o
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Digitization as a science libraries
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Digitization as a science ABSTRACT
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Un modello GIS multicriterio Area d
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Un modello GIS multicriterio 5.4 I
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Un modello GIS multicriterio Saaty
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X 5 (pendenza) X 6 (esposizione) X
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N. Lombardo BIBLIOGRAFIA Borra D. 2
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