Untitled - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche

From artefact typologies to cultural heritage ontologies
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ABSTRACT
Research in theoretical and computer-based archaeology, from the 1950s onwards,
established important perspectives for the formal representation and analysis of tangible
cultural entities such as complex artefacts, iconographic compositions and archaeological
assemblages, and became a precursor for the emergence of knowledge-based tools, methodologies
and standards for artefact-centred information systems in contemporary museums.
One particular case in point is CLIO, a semantic information system intended for research
use, developed by ICS/FORTH and the Benaki Museum in Greece in the early 1990s, which
became a foundation for the denition of the Conceptual Reference Model of the International
Documentation Committee of ICOM (CIDOC CRM), recently adopted as the ISO standard
for cultural information representation. It is argued here that, as the capabilities of computer
applications to provide access to complex, multimedia cultural information increase, so does
also the validity and importance of earlier research advances in artefact-centred archaeological
computing; and, conversely, that the advent of digital infrastructures for material culture
disciplines such as archaeology highlights the pertinence, and potential benets, of further
work on archaeological formal analysis and knowledge representation.
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