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6 - 19 maisi 2011<br />
mkiTxveli<br />
zurab niJaraZe:<br />
literaturuli gazeTi<br />
`masas akmayofilebs is, rasac bazari sTavazobs~<br />
_ batono zurab, cota xnis win<br />
internetSi Tqveni mogoneba amovikiTxe.<br />
mxatvar rezo TarxniSvilze<br />
werdiT <strong>da</strong> masTan erTad Tqvens siymawviles<br />
ixsenebdiT. Turme saxviTi<br />
xelovnebiT gatacebuli axalgazrdebi<br />
TarxniSvilebis saxlSi<br />
ikribebodiT xolme <strong>da</strong> cnobili ba-<br />
Jbeuq-meliqovi xatvis gakveTilebs<br />
gitareb<strong>da</strong>T. albaT, maSin, mxatvrobis<br />
gar<strong>da</strong>, literaturac Tqveni Sinagani<br />
samyaros masazrdoebeli iyo...<br />
_ baJbeuq-meliqovis gakveTilebs<br />
marTlac veswrebodi, Tumca xatva im<br />
jgufTan erTad ar miswavlia, maTze<br />
umcrosi viyavi. vijeqi xolme <strong>da</strong><br />
vuyurebdi rogor muSaobdnen, vusmendi<br />
maT saubrebs. vizrdebodi garemo-<br />
Si, sa<strong>da</strong>c bunebrivia, mxatvrobis gar<strong>da</strong>,<br />
literaturac gatacebis sagani <strong>da</strong><br />
sasaubro Tema iyo. ar vici, ratom, magram<br />
ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d ucxoeli avtorebi<br />
gvaintereseb<strong>da</strong>. vecnobodiT yvela im<br />
literaturul siaxles, rac xelmisawvdomi<br />
iyo. erTxans Zalian gagvitaca<br />
hemingueis Semoqmedebam. misi nawarmoebebis<br />
garSemo vmsjelobdiT, erTmaneTs<br />
sakuTar STabeWdilebebs vuziarebdiT.<br />
hemingueim Semoitana is,<br />
rasac Cvens mwerlobaSi ver amoikiTxavdi.<br />
sabWoTa periodSi xom azris Tavisuflad<br />
gamoTqmis areali SezRuduli<br />
iyo, Seni saTqmeli ideologiisTvis<br />
un<strong>da</strong> mogergo, garkveul CarCoebs ar<br />
un<strong>da</strong> gascdenodi. marTalia, is epoqa<br />
mdi<strong>da</strong>ri iyo dramatuli situaciebiT,<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva <strong>da</strong>pirispirebebiT – im yvelafriT,<br />
rac romansa <strong>da</strong> zoga<strong>da</strong>d literaturas<br />
sWirdeba, magram sabWoTa<br />
mwerlebi bolomde mainc ver ambobdnen<br />
saTqmels. maT garkveulad, ezopuri<br />
ena gamoimuSaves, simarTle sityvebs<br />
miRma un<strong>da</strong> amogekiTxa. disidenturi<br />
literaturac amitom iwvev<strong>da</strong><br />
mZafr interess, xeliT nabeWdi teqstebi<br />
aqtiurad vrceldebo<strong>da</strong> mkiTxvel<br />
sazogadoebaSi. im droisTvis Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT<br />
Tavisufal literaturul<br />
sivrces Jurnali `novi mir~ warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>.<br />
maxsovs, samamulo omis dros<br />
didi mowoneba <strong>da</strong>imsaxura cnobili<br />
mwerlis, viqtor nekrasovis nawarmoebma<br />
`stalingradis sangrebSi~, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />
swored omis realobebze iyo<br />
saubari. nekrasovis simarTle sabWo-<br />
Ta ideologias ar moergo <strong>da</strong> man sicocxle<br />
emigraciaSi <strong>da</strong>asrula.<br />
_ `sazRvrebs~ qarTveli mwerlebic<br />
Taviseburad arRvevdnen <strong>da</strong><br />
cdilobdnen ideologiisgan Tavisufali<br />
literatura SeeqmnaT.<br />
_ ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, saintereso avtorebi<br />
saqarTveloSic iyvnen. magaliTad,<br />
konstantine gamsaxurdias<br />
araCveulebrivi romani `mTvaris motaceba~<br />
mkiTxvelis didi mowonebiT<br />
sargeblob<strong>da</strong>. interesiT kiTxulobdnen<br />
leo qiaCelis nawarmoebebs. Cemi<br />
Taobis mwerlebi<strong>da</strong>n ki, pirvel rigSi,<br />
oTar WilaZes <strong>da</strong>vasaxelebdi. gvitaceb<strong>da</strong><br />
lado asaTianis, ana kalan<strong>da</strong>Zis<br />
poezia <strong>da</strong>, ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, galaktioni<br />
– ukv<strong>da</strong>vi poeziis Semqmneli!<br />
imxanad mkiTxveli sazogadoeba<br />
mdi<strong>da</strong>ri, saintereso cxovrebiT cxovrob<strong>da</strong>.<br />
Cveni fiqrebi, saubrebi literaturuli<br />
siaxleebis, literturuli<br />
faqtebis irgvliv trialeb<strong>da</strong>. maxsovs,<br />
rogor Sevxvdi iseTi mwerlis<br />
`gamoCenas~, rogoric folkneri iyo!<br />
Tumca ufro adreuli periodis<br />
klasikosTa Semoqmedebac aranakleb<br />
gvaintereseb<strong>da</strong> – sten<strong>da</strong>lis,<br />
floberisa Tu mixeil javaxiSvilis<br />
nawerebs gvulisxmob.<br />
karg romans Sesabamisi socialuri<br />
garemo sWirdeba. is xom, rogorc forma,<br />
socialuri uTanxmoebebis fonze<br />
Camoyalib<strong>da</strong>. mdidrebsa <strong>da</strong> Raribebs<br />
Soris <strong>da</strong>pirispireba literaturuli<br />
Tematikis gamdidrebis, personaJTa<br />
xasiaTebis Seqmnis, ideuri brZolisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> miswrafebebis safuZvels qmni<strong>da</strong>. <strong>da</strong><br />
Semdeg, roca TiTqos<strong>da</strong> uklaso sazogadoeba<br />
Seiqmna, romanmac funqcia<br />
erTgvarad <strong>da</strong>karga. roca wodebebs<br />
Soris gansxvaveba aRar aris, roca<br />
mkveTri <strong>da</strong>pirispirebebi waSlilia, ra<br />
mxatvar zurab niJaraZis saxelosno<strong>da</strong>n mdinare veres<br />
xeoba <strong>da</strong> urbanuli peizaJi moCans, Tumca mxatvari Tavis<br />
mier Seqmnil mxatvrul samyaroSi cxovrobs, sa<strong>da</strong>c erTferovani<br />
nacrisferi peizaJebi, yoveldRiuroba sxva elfers<br />
iZens <strong>da</strong> saocrad feradovan tiloebad gar<strong>da</strong>iqmneba.<br />
portretebic iseTia, rogorc literaturul personaJTa<br />
STambeW<strong>da</strong>vi saxeebi – Rrma, metyveli, Sinaarsiani. ambobs,<br />
ver vityvi, rom literatura <strong>da</strong> mxatvroba erTmaneTs hgavs,<br />
Tu fermweri xar, Seni <strong>da</strong>rgis specifiki<strong>da</strong>n un<strong>da</strong> gamoxvide,<br />
tilos saSualebiT ambebs ar un<strong>da</strong> yvebode, ferweras sxva<br />
amocanebi aqvso. mxatvrobaSi, TiTqmis yvela mimarTulebiT<br />
umuSavia, maT Soris, wignis grafikaSic. <strong>da</strong>suraTebuli aqvs<br />
uiliam Seqspiris, fransua rables, oTar WilaZis, sxva ucxoel<br />
<strong>da</strong> qarTvel avtorTa nawarmoebebi. Zalian saintereso<br />
mkiTxvelia, Sefasebis mkacri kriteriumi aqvs <strong>da</strong> `Tavis~<br />
avtorebze, nawarmoebebze gatacebiT yveba...<br />
un<strong>da</strong> gaixados mweralma interesisa <strong>da</strong><br />
Ziebis sagnad ris garSemo un<strong>da</strong> Seqmnas<br />
man Tavisi literatura<br />
_ Tumca aris mudmivi Temebi,<br />
romelic yovelgvari socialuri <strong>da</strong>pirispirebis<br />
miRma dgas.<br />
_ diax, magaliTad _ galaktionis<br />
poezia. vfiqrob, is arc socialuria,<br />
arc revoluciuri (Tumca revoluciazec<br />
aqvs leqsebi). man Seqmna poeturi<br />
samyaro, sa<strong>da</strong>c Tavs ise grZnob<strong>da</strong>,<br />
rogorc Tevzi wyalSi. is didi ostati<br />
iyo <strong>da</strong> SeeZlo yofiTi Temebic ki gaepoeturebina.<br />
erTi SexedviT gasakviria,<br />
ara yofiToba <strong>da</strong> poeturoba,<br />
TiTqos erTmaneTis sapirispiro<br />
cnebebia, magram ostatobac swored<br />
isaa, rom yofiT sagnebsa Tu movlenebs<br />
mxatvruli saxe misce <strong>da</strong> raRac sxva<br />
ganzomilebaSi ga<strong>da</strong>iyvano. xelovani,<br />
Semoqmedi xom Cveulebrivi a<strong>da</strong>miania,<br />
sakuTar TavSi is pragmatizmsa <strong>da</strong><br />
sulierebas erTdroulad atarebs. Tu<br />
is niWieria, SeZlebs Tavisi miwieri samyaro<br />
sruliad amaRlebul, poetur,<br />
filosofiur garemoSi moaqcios. ase-<br />
Ti avtoria iosif brodskic.<br />
sa<strong>da</strong>a maradiuli faseulobani ra<br />
aris a<strong>da</strong>mianis cxovrebis mizani<br />
vfiqrob, Tanamedrove literaturuli<br />
sinamdvile am problematikis<br />
garSemo un<strong>da</strong> trialebdes. nuTu a<strong>da</strong>mianisTvis<br />
faseulobas mxolod komforti,<br />
drostareba warmoadgens<br />
garTobis mZlavrma industriam mTeli<br />
msoflio moicva. erTis mxriv, es xalxs<br />
cxovrebas uadvilebs. meores mxriv ki,<br />
kacobriobis maRalsulieri moTxovnilebebi<br />
pragmatulma momxmareblurma<br />
interesma Caanacvla. masas akmayofilebs<br />
is, rasac bazari sTavazobs,<br />
is TviTonaa SemkveTi. amitomac uWirT<br />
dRes niWier mwerlebs.<br />
_ gansxvaveba maskulturasa <strong>da</strong><br />
maRali rangis xelovnebas Soris yvela<br />
droSi arsebob<strong>da</strong>.<br />
_ gansxvaveba mu<strong>da</strong>m iyo. Tumca<br />
adre, masiuri kulturis warmomadgenlebsa<br />
<strong>da</strong> maT auditorias TviTgamoxatvis<br />
saSualeba naklebad hqon<strong>da</strong>T,<br />
isini TiTqmis ar Candnen. dRes ki<br />
Zalian bevrni arian. amitomac <strong>`me</strong>SCanurma~<br />
miswrafebebma imZlavra <strong>da</strong> cxovrebis<br />
azri momxveWelobaSi, gamdidrebasa<br />
Tu sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxis garToba-<br />
Si gamomJRavn<strong>da</strong>. faseulobebma<br />
konkretuli saxe miiRo. Znelia mosTxovo<br />
m<strong>da</strong>bios, ga<strong>da</strong>axtes <strong>`me</strong>SCanobas~<br />
<strong>da</strong> sulier aristokratad iqces. es<br />
ararealuria. Tumca kacobriobis istorias<br />
amgvari gamonaklisebic axsovs.<br />
dRes mTeli msoflio amgvar kriziss<br />
ganicdis. momxveWelobis tendenciam,<br />
yalbma faseulobebma WeSmariti,<br />
maradiuli Rirebulebani TiTqmis<br />
waleka. aman, ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />
sulieri samyaro gaaRariba. es kulturuli<br />
krizisi aisaxa rogorc literaturaze,<br />
ise xelovnebis yvela sxva<br />
sferoze. ver xe<strong>da</strong>vT, televiziiT,<br />
ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d ra donis ucxour filmebs<br />
uCveneben imitom, rom aseT produqciazea<br />
moTxovna. Tumca sazRvargareT<br />
Zalian kargi nimuSebic iqmneba.<br />
CvenTanac igive problemaa.<br />
_ msoflio kulturuli krizisis<br />
Sefasebisas Zalze uimedo suraTi<br />
xom ar <strong>da</strong>xateT miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad yvelafrisa,<br />
literaturaSic, sxva sferoeb-<br />
Sic maRali rangis namuSevrebi mainc<br />
iqmneba.<br />
_ ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, saqme ase cu<strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>c<br />
ar aris. uniWieresi mwerlebi<br />
yovelTvis iyvnen <strong>da</strong> dResac arian,<br />
isini Tavisi miswrafebebiT,<br />
azrovnebiT, mxatvruli ostatobiT<br />
m<strong>da</strong>biur mentalobasTan Tu gemovnebasTan<br />
brZolas cdiloben.<br />
vfiqrob, mwerlobis xarisxs, upirvelesad,<br />
misi esTeturoba gansazRvravs.<br />
esTetika xom cvlilebas di<strong>da</strong>d ar ganicdis<br />
mSveniereba, siyvaruli, namusi<br />
is kategoriebia, rac arasodes icvleba.<br />
SesaZlebelia gamoxatvis, realizebis<br />
formebma icvalos saxe, magram<br />
Sinaarsi igive rCeba.<br />
Cven dros Zalian niWieri Taoba<br />
iyo. maxsovs, Jurnal `ciskris~ re<strong>da</strong>qciaSi<br />
yvelaze aqtiuri mwerlebi, poetebi<br />
ikribebodnen. literaturaSi<br />
sayuradRebo tendenciebi dResac SeimCneva,<br />
magram cotaa iseTi nimuSi,<br />
razec Rirs `sworeba~. cocxali literaturuli<br />
portretebi dRes sqematurma<br />
usicocxlo saxeebma Secvala.<br />
gaxsovT, tolstois romanebis personaJebi<br />
Tanamedrove nawarmoebebSi<br />
gancdebis imgvar samyaros Znelad<br />
SexvdebiT. aq moqmedebac, personaJebic<br />
sqematuria. sqema ki, mogexsenebaT,<br />
xelovnebis ena ar aris, mas siRrmeebi<br />
ar aqvs. aq cudi cudia, kargi kargia.<br />
magaliTad, weren, rom uzurpatori<br />
cudia. Tumca ra trialebs am uaryofiTi<br />
personaJis gulSi, ra impulsebi<br />
aqvs mas, energias sai<strong>da</strong>n iRebs, an ra<br />
asuldgmulebs – arsad Cans. amgvari<br />
martivi diagramebis amokiTxva ki,<br />
rogorc mkiTxvels, ar makmayofilebs,<br />
ar mainteresebs. CemTvis aseTi teqsti<br />
plakatia. gana plakati xelovnebaa!<br />
ara mgonia.<br />
samyaro mravalferovani <strong>da</strong> mravalsaxovania.<br />
rac ufro farToa mwerlis<br />
interesTa areali, miT ufro mdi<strong>da</strong>ria<br />
misi mxatvruli samyaro. <strong>da</strong>nar-<br />
Ceni ki ostatobazea.<br />
_ bevrs kiTxulobT<br />
_ adre sul vkiTxulobdi. axla<br />
Zveleburad veRar vicli. mogexsenebaT,<br />
kiTxvas didi dro miaqvs. Tumca<br />
mainc vcdilob.<br />
_ vin arian Tqveni avtorebi<br />
_ gasuli saukunis mwerlebi<strong>da</strong>n –<br />
Tomas mani, luis qeroli... Tanamedrove<br />
avtorebs rac Seexeba, Zalian<br />
momwons frangi paskal kiniari. igi<br />
emzar kvitaiSvilma `gamacno~ <strong>da</strong> maxsovs,<br />
miTxra, Tanamedrove frangul<br />
literaturaSi, amaze didi aravin<br />
hyavT, pirveli nomeriao. kiniarma<br />
Tavisi romanebisTvis Zalian saintereso<br />
formas miagno. is <strong>da</strong>xvewili<br />
stilisti <strong>da</strong> ucnauri mTxrobelia.<br />
wignSi `seqsi <strong>da</strong> SiSi~ kiniari antikur<br />
samyaroSi gvamogzaurebs, Semdeg<br />
evropaSi ga<strong>da</strong>vyavarT. magram saqme SinaarsSi<br />
ar gaxlavT, siuJeti aq naklebad<br />
mniSvnelovania. is imdenad es-<br />
Teturad wers, iseT detalebs warmoaCens,<br />
rom gegoneba, mis mxatvrul<br />
samyaros xeliT exebi. personaJTa saxeebs,<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva ambavs, garemos TiTqos<br />
skulpturulad Zerwavs. saocari gemovnebis,<br />
araCveulebrivi xelweris<br />
ostatia. kiniaris wakiTxvas momzadeba<br />
sWirdeba, misi romanebi elitisTvisaa.<br />
esaa swored is literatura,<br />
samomxmareblo produqcias rom un<strong>da</strong><br />
interviu<br />
15<br />
<strong>da</strong>upirispiro.<br />
Zalian miyvars andre Jidi, isic es-<br />
Tetia. misi `yalbi fulis mWrelebi~<br />
erT-erTi saukeTeso romania, rac<br />
odesme Seqmnila. Tumca, cota xnis win<br />
Tomas mani ga<strong>da</strong>vikiTxe <strong>da</strong> esTeturobis<br />
TvalsazrisiT, JidTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT,<br />
ufro `fafuki~ momeCvena.<br />
gaxsovT, `yalbi fulis mWrelebi~<br />
misi kompozicia saocari ostatobiTaa<br />
Seqmnili.<br />
_ diax. romanis erT-erTi mTavari<br />
gmiri mweralia, romelic <strong>da</strong>sTan<br />
stumrobisas mozardi diswulebis<br />
cxovrebas akvirdeba. am dros, qalaq-<br />
Si yalbi fuli vrceldeba... mravalsaxovani<br />
romania, siuJetebiT, ambebiTaa<br />
mdi<strong>da</strong>ri.<br />
_ Zalian sainteresoa! Jidma romanSi<br />
romani Caaqsova! magram, vin aris<br />
dRes misi wamkiTxavi vis ainteresebs<br />
is Temebi, sakiTxebi, razec iq aris<br />
saubari ara<strong>da</strong>, avtori wers, rogor<br />
iRupeba Taoba. romanis erT-erTi mTavari<br />
figura, mwerali xe<strong>da</strong>vs, rom yalbi<br />
fulis gavrcelebaSi misi axlo naTesavebic<br />
CaTreulni arian. siuJeti Tan<strong>da</strong>Tan<br />
ixlarTeba, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva istoriiT<br />
ivseba... vxe<strong>da</strong>vT, rogor yalibdeba<br />
bavSvebSi sisastike. gaxsovT, rogor<br />
miiyvanen TviTmkvlelobamde Tanaklasels<br />
mis xasiaTs kargad icnoben.<br />
ician, `qveSi<strong>da</strong>n gamosvla~ ar sCvevia.<br />
aqezeben, Tavis mokvlas ver SeZlebo.<br />
is ki maT Tvalwin, saklaso oTaxSive<br />
<strong>da</strong>ixlis tyvias. es <strong>da</strong>undobloba aZrwunebs<br />
mwerals. aq mTavari azri isaa,<br />
rom sa<strong>da</strong>c burJuaziuli faseulobebia<br />
yalbi, ratom ar SeiZleba fulis<br />
gayalbeba Semdeg bavSvebis ufros megobars,<br />
maT meTaurs xvdeba. ostatur<br />
kompoziciaze vsaubrobdiT <strong>da</strong> es Sexvedra<br />
romanis centraluri adgilia.<br />
Sexvedrisas biWi monetas aTamaSebs.<br />
bolos aagdebs <strong>da</strong> veRar <strong>da</strong>iWers, Zirs<br />
<strong>da</strong>vardnili moneta raRacnairad<br />
gaiJRerebs, gagordeba. me ar msurs<br />
yalb xmas gamovcemdeo – eubneba mwerali<br />
biWs. esaa romanis mTeli morali.<br />
Jidisa Tu Tomas manis rangis avtorebi<br />
didi xnis win cxovrobdnen.<br />
dRes kiniaria `gasuli~ yoveldRiurobi<strong>da</strong>n,<br />
sxva didi avtorebic upirispirdebian<br />
amao faseulobebs. ase iyo<br />
galaktionic. maT gviCvenes gamosavali.<br />
magram amgvar mwerlobas niWi, ostatoba<br />
un<strong>da</strong>.<br />
_ ostatoba ki didi Sromis gareSe<br />
ar modis.<br />
_ ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>. antikur epoqaSi<br />
Seqmnil, Tun<strong>da</strong>c ubralo kovzs rom<br />
SexedoT, naxavT, Tu ra namuSevaria, ra<br />
Zalisxmeva Cans! literaturaSic asea.<br />
aki vambob, Tuki dRes teqstebze muSaobis<br />
nakleboba igrZnoba, Tuki Tematika,<br />
xasiaTebi ze<strong>da</strong>piruli <strong>da</strong> sqematuria,<br />
es imis gamo xdeba, rom xalxi<br />
amgvari nawerebiT kmayofildeba <strong>da</strong><br />
amaze meti ar ainteresebs. samwuxarod,<br />
verc axalgazrdebs vamCnev survils<br />
<strong>da</strong>svan kiTxvebi, moiTxovon maTze<br />
pasuxi <strong>da</strong> rogorc ityvian `tvini iWyliton~.<br />
_ axalgazrdebSi mwerlebs gulisxmobT<br />
Tu mkiTxvels<br />
_ orives.<br />
esaubra Tamar Juruli
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